1,94 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
visit of an Englishman (probably Doctor Lawson) to China 
to discover the process there. As a result, works were estab- 
lished at Bristol in 1748. 
‘‘The first continental zinc works appear to have been es- 
tablished in Silesia about 1798. Early in the present century 
the Abbe Dony began to experiment in the methods of reduc- 
tion, which resulted in the Belgium process. He applied for 
a patent in 1809, and established the first zinc works of Bel- 
gium at Liege. These were later developed by Dominique 
Mosselman, and have since grown to their present dimen- 
sions. Not until about 1820 did the manufacture of zinc in 
Europe begin to be a well established industry. 
Oceanica. 
‘‘Lead mining in Australia, of which we have any record, 
does not go back over 40 years. No zine ore is mined or 
known to occur there in quantity. 
South America. 
‘“‘The silver mines of Peru were worked probably at an 
early date. Certain it is that before the conquest, in 1535, 
they were sources of precious metals to the native Peruvians. 
They also knew lead—articles of this metal having been 
found in the ancient graves. ‘The mines were worked by the 
Portuguese, and assumed large dimensions after 1630. In 
Bolivia the silver mines were discovered in 1545, and were 
worked on a large scale from then into the seventeenth cen- 
tury. Mining in Chili is of later date, probably beginning 
in the eighteenth century. 
North America. 
‘* Mexico.—The oldest mining in North America was in 
Mexico. The Astecs, before the conquest, worked the silver 
and lead deposits along with others. Lead was obtained 
from mines near Tasco. The Spaniards opened mines irom 
1520 on, but the most active period was after 1700. Work 
was begun on the Zacatecas deposits in 1548. They were 
important producers of silver and lead. The Guanajuato de- 
posits were opened in 1559. The massive deposits of Sonora 
