Haworth. | Detailed Geology. 81 
knife flint,’’ commonly used throughout the Galena district. 
Pieces of flint are sometimes found from twelve to eighteen 
inches in length and from two to three in width and a thick- 
ness but little more than an inch at one side and tapering to 
an edge at the other. Irregularity of fracture produces 
many fancy-shaped fragments with variously curved edges 
and delicately formed points. 
Again, flint is broken by fractures into all manner of frag- 
ments which have not been removed from place. ‘The frag- 
ments vary in size from a fraction of an inch maximum 
diameter to three and four inches. These masses may be 
many feet or yards in extent or only a small fraction of that 
size. Miners have applied the term ‘‘hog-chawed flint’’ to 
this, a term somewhat lacking in elegance, perhaps, but one 
of wide usage. ‘The concretionary masses likewise are frac- 
tured, often to such an extent that one cannot be loosened 
from the ground without falling into half a dozen or more 
fragments. Over the wide area covered by flint rock in Ga- 
lena, above described, these varieties of fracturing are found, 
some of them prevailing at one place and some at another. 
In addition to the lesser fracturing just described, in some 
places there is an approach towards the systematic arrange- 
ment of the larger fractures. Wherever such can be ob- 
served they seem to have a prevailing direction of northeast 
and southwest. By this is not meant the principal mineral 
runs, for they may have this direction, or may not, as will 
be discussed later. The northeast and southwest trend, cor- 
responding to the ‘‘four-o’clock lead’’ of the miner, is no- 
ticeable in the principal fissures of the limestone as well, and 
doubtless had the same origin. 
Secondary Flint.—Throughout the entire mining region a 
large amount of siliceous material is deposited in the fissures 
of the primary flint, cementing the fragments together in a 
very interesting manner. This secondary flint is quite vari- 
able in composition, sometimes being almost pure silica having 
a banded structure, and again being sufficiently charged with 
different varieties of ore and earthy material to give it a great 
variety of color, with dark predominating. 
6—Vvili 
