88 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
produced some way in connection with earth movements which 
produced the Ozark uplift. The distance between the coal 
fields and the Empire-Galena mining district is about fifteen 
to eighteen miles on a straight line, with a number of out- 
lying mining camps still nearer the coal fields. It would 
seem that the influence of earthquake movements connected 
with the Ozark uplift were most vigorous within the Ozark 
area proper and that they gradually diminished in intensity 
outward radially from the center of disturbance. Attention 
has already been called to this subject” by the writer, when it 
was shown that the great mass of ore surrounds the borders 
of the Ozark dome with only occasional ore bodies on or near 
the summit. It was suggested that fractures, perhaps, were 
more numerous in peripheral areas than elsewhere. These 
fractures in the coal mining area tend to confirm such views, 
and also have an important bearing on the general character 
of the fractures and the extent of vertical displacement. 
The most complicated structure in the Galena district is in 
the area called ‘‘open ground.’’ Here, apparently, there is 
no regularity to the rock formations, but various rock masses 
of primary and secondary flint exist in utter confusion of po- 
sition. As already shown such areas, with no known excep- 
tion, occur at or near the border lines between flint masses 
and limestone, where it seems reasonable to suppose the for- 
mations were composed of alternating layers of the two. Sub- 
sequent to fracturing which admitted water so much more 
readily than elsewhere, the limestone was dissolved and in 
most cases entirely removed, allowing residual flint masses. 
to keep whatever positions they happened to assume by the 
removal of the limestone. This style of structure is most 
noted in the foliowing places: 
First, Bonanza. Bonanza is situated on either side of 
Short creek, a short distance west of Galena or Empire City. 
Here Short creek apparently breaks through a line of hills 
on its way to Spring river. Its valley or flood plain is very 
narrow at the narrowest point, not exceeding 300 to 400 feet 
in width. To the east of Bonanza the hills on either side are 
large, solid masses of flint rock. The hills on each side in 
30. Haworth, Prof. Erasmus: Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. XI, pp. 231-240, May, 1900. 
