118 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
authors that the ores and associated minerals were deposited 
from water solutions. There is also a unison of agreement 
that the materials of the ores have been carried into the fis- 
sures and openings where now found from some distance 
away. Here, however, begins a divergence which is suf- 
ficiently great to characterize the views of different gentle- 
men as being somewhat antagonistic. 
Briefly stated, Winslow believes that the source of the ore 
bodies mainly was from the masses of rock which have been 
worn away by erosion, and that during the erosion period 
there was a concentration, ever increasing in its effect, which 
concentration is similar, as the writer understands it, to the 
well-known process of secondary enrichment of ore bodies, 
explained in great detail recently by different authors and in 
different places, such as Weed, Emmons, Van Hise, and 
others. If there was a small amount of lead and zinc in 
formations which at one time rested upon the present rocks 
containing ore, and if these formations were removed by or- 
dinary process of erosion, then the little particles of sulphides 
of lead, iron, copper, etc., it is claimed, would become oxid- 
ized and rendered soluble and carried downward by move- 
ments of surface waters, only to be precipitated again in a 
more concentrated form in the lower-lying crevices and open- 
ings. As surface erosion is a constant process, this surface 
solution and reprecipitation likewise have been constant proc- 
esses and one which is now in operation. 
Doctor Jenney, perhaps, is the most pronounced advocate 
of the deposition of ores in this district by ascending waters. 
He calls attention to numerous faults and fissures which he 
assumes connect with the underlying Silurian limestones and 
sandstones, from which in some way not made very clear ore 
materials are gathered and carried to the surface and deposited 
in their present positions. : 
Van Hise and Bain follow Jenney in these views to a great 
extent, but also invoke the assistance of sulphide enrichment 
by the process of surface oxidation and solution and repre- 
cipitation at greater depths. This is particularly emphasized 
by Bain* who, writing with Van Hise, is supposed to express 
87. Bain, Dr. H. F.: Loe. cit., p. 158, et seq, 
