NO University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
Occasionally a very soft body of earth is met at the end of 
a drift or slope, as seen in figure 22. In this particular case 
the ground was very rich, and for that reason not enough care 
was taken in removing the ore, both in quantity removed and 
in method of procedure. The result was that the whole face | 
began to give way, thus threatening a landslide. To hold 
this in place and to prevent a general collapse, it was tim- 
bered as seen in the above figure. 
METHODS OF HANDLING AND HAULING ORE. 
Methods of Handling Ore Underground. 
The usual method of transferring the mine-run dirt from 
the face of the mine to the foot of the shaft is by tubs or 
buckets on small trucks or tub cars, which are just large 
enough to set a bucket upon. Some of these cars are made 
with round tops, and of such a size as to fit within the flange 
of the bottom of the tub or bucket, thus guarding against it 
slipping off. This arrangement brings the wheels so close 
together that there is danger of tipping over, 7. ¢., renders 
the loaded car unstable, which is the usual result of reducing 
the wheel base. 
Cars are often employed and are to be preferred, as they 
are fully.as easy to handle as the buckets, besides requiring 
less handling of ore. Cars are, however, at present, mainly 
used in tramming the ore from the shafts to the mills, being 
filled at the former place by buckets. ‘They are also used in 
a few of the deeper mines where cages have been installed. 
Tramming is done almost altogether by hand, the ore being 
trammed from the face of the mine to the shaft bottom, then 
hoisted to the top, and thence trammed to the mill. 
Surface Appliances for Handling Ore. 
Ore is transferred from mine to mill in a number of ways, 
namely, by bucket, cars, and wagons. Wagons are employed 
only when the distance between the points of intake and dis- 
charge is considerable, and are common means of handling 
ore for custom mills. 
Buckets and cars are almost universally employed as carry- 
ing receptacles for ore, especially between mine and mill. 
