Dine University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
When the beam has been pushed down as far as the crank 
can move it, the rollers slip off the end and the tool falls 
freely, at the same time pulling the beam back into place. 
A heavy crosspiece, P, acts as a stop to allow the elasticity 
of the rope to act, and also to regulate the length of the 
stroke. The tool is fed by lengthening the chain by means 
of the ratchet on the drum, M, upon which the chain is 
wound. 
The third form, shown in figure 30, represents a motion 
rarely used in the district, and when operated with connec- 
tions, as shown in broken lines, is employed principally in 
starting holes or ‘‘spudding,’’ and is used more often in 
loosening tools and in casing than in drilling proper; but 
when connected, as shown in solid lines, it is the motion 
employed with the carpenter’s rig in regular drilling opera- 
tions. In spudding, the drill rope is wound on the drum, JL, 
and passes directly to the sheave at the top of the derrick, 
thence to the tool. A loop of rope, H, encloses the main 
rope, four or five feet above the drum. This rope is at- 
tached to the crank pin of the drive wheel and is of such a 
length that, when the crank is closest to the drill, the main 
rope forms nearly a straight line between the upper sheave 
and the drum on which it is wound. As the crank revolves 
the tool is raised and lowered, and is fed downward by turn- 
ing the drum, /, thus lengthening the drill rope. After the 
hole is well started and drilling proper begins, the beam, Kk, 
is connected with the crank, /, and motion is given by means 
of the beam instead of the crank. In all these forms the 
tool is, while at rest, several inches from the bottom of the 
hole; the elasticity of the rope is depended upon to start it 
back with a jerk, after which it is raised by the beam; it is 
then steadied and again dropped, etc. 
The second actuating mechanism above described is, in re- 
ality, a free-falling device, which is, however, attached to the 
machine end instead of the tool end of the rope, as is often the 
case in deep-drilling outfits. As formerly stated, jars may 
be employed in loosening and starting the tool in its upward 
movement. A full explanation of the use of the special 
