244 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
An opening or manhole is made in the platform the size of 
the shaft, through which the hoisting is done. A track is 
laid upon the platform, a rail being placed close to the edge 
of and on either side of the manhole. This track extends 
across the platform and onto the tramway, being one con- 
tinuous line. Occasionally two tracks are built upon the 
tramway, in which case they are connected by switches. By 
this arrangement the car can be run directly under the bucket 
or tub, which is lowered upon it, unhooked from the cable, 
and run out to the dump or mill. 
The top frame, or derrick proper, is generally boarded up 
and roofed over, forming a small, four-sided, sloping walled. 
house. Double doors are placed on the tramway side of the 
top or derrick house, which open outward and rest against 
the side of the house. This opens the larger part of the side 
of the house facing the tramway, thus allowing an unobstructed 
view, and gives ready access to the shaft proper. Windows 
are usually placed in two of the remaining sides. 
When the hoisting apparatus is placed on the derrick, 
openings are made for the smoke stack, feed and exhaust 
pipe in the sides and roof of the house. 
TRAMWAYS. 
The tramway is simply an elevated track, supported by 
greatly elongated or tall bents. Two timbers placed upon 
and running longitudinally with the bents furnish a support 
for the ties to which the track is fastened. Switches are 
placed in the usual manner. 
Occasionally the track is protected by a covering of light 
boards, which is supported by posts or uprights at the sides 
of the track. A common form of single track tramway con- 
struction, also a covering, as mentioned above, which in this 
case is expanded to cover the switch at the middle point, is 
shown in plate XXX. 
The tramway is either made level, or slopes gently toward 
the mill, with an inclination of least six inches to one hundred 
feet (one-half per cent.), so that loaded cars can be trans- 
ferred more readily in that direction. | 
