250 Unwersity Geological Survey of Kansas. 
BucxEts.— Up to the present time, practically all the ore 
and waste removed from the pits has been accomplished by 
means of tubs or buckets. Two general types are employed, 
namely, the wooden barrel and the iron bucket. 
The wooden barrels or tubs are generally made from kero- 
sene or lubricating oil barrels, which are cut in two a short 
distance above the middle, the larger part being used for the 
tub. Figure 41. 
Fig. 41. Method of dumping ore bucket. 
Iron straps, as B, extend from the bail, J, around the bottom 
of the tub, to strengthen it and bear the weight of the load ; 
the barrel acting principally as a receptacle. The bail, J, is 
fastened to the upper extremities of the arms of the U-shaped 
strap, B. The strap, B, is bolted to the tub, and where it 
crosses the bottom, and exactly in the center of the bottom, 
is formed into aloop, C. The tub is rebound with heavy 
bands of iron, and is made as substantial as possible. A 
loop, K, is made in the bail to receive the hook fastened to 
the hoisting cable or rope. The iron buckets are generally 
made of $ or = inch sheet iron or steel, and are riveted to- 
_ gether with ¢ inch iron rivets. There are a great many forms 
in use, differing but slightly in shape and capacity. Only a 
few of those in most common use will be described. 
