256 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
sist simply of platforms upon wheels. No sides are needed, 
as the cars are designed simply to carry buckets or tubs, 
which contain the ore. When, however, the shaft is quite a 
distance from the mill and time would be wasted in hauling 
single tubfuls, cars holding 1500 pounds or more are em- 
ployed. Cars are used in the pit, however, only when 
cages are employed in the shaft or when the car can be lifted 
bodily and transferred to the mill, as previously described. 
CRANE 
Fig. 44. Mine bucket tram car. 
The ordinary bucket platform car is constructed as follows : 
Bed blanks, notched to hold the axles, are cut to pattern ; 
crosspieces are then fastened to these by bolts, four of which 
pass through the axles; finally planks are laid on parallel to 
the bed planks, the whole forming a platform three feet ten 
inches wide by four to five feet long. Figure 44. The axles 
are made of one and one-quarter inch square stock iron, and 
are placed two feet eight inches apart. The wheels are gen- 
erally seven inches in diameter, or, with the flanges, ten 
inches. The measurements given above are for tramway 
cars. The axles of pit cars are placed ten inches apart and 
are of the same size stock as the axles of the largercars. All 
