322 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
TZ 
WLLL 
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Fig. 86. Wooden centrifugal pump, made of 2 x 6 inch pine plank. 
vitiated air below, which rises in the shaft beside the canvas 
tube and escapes at the mouth. 
At 3 is shown another method of ventilating a mine with 
a single outlet. 
A canvas tube similar to that used in 2 is supported in the 
shaft in a somewhat similar manner. Part way down the 
tube a length of stovepipe, L, is inserted, forming part of the 
tube, and in this pipe is hung a large lamp, 0. The lamp is 
suspended by a long wire loop or bail, and as the air about it 
becomes heated it rises, and so sets up a circulation, the 
heated air rising through the tube, while the cooler air from 
without the mine passes down the shaft beside the tube, and 
so takes the place of the foul air below. 
