46 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
in the May number of the American Journal of Science (2d 
series, vol. xxv, p. 442). A letter from Meek and Hayden, ma- 
king brief mention of the discovery, was read the same day be- 
fore the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences (Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. x, pp. 9, 10). 
“After reviewing the various statements referring to the 
discovery of Permian rocks and fossils in Kansas, it appears 
that to Professor Swallow belongs the credit of first announ- 
cing the fact before a scientific society and publishing a notice 
of the discovery in the leading scientific periodical of the 
country. Professor Hayden stated that extras of the Albany 
Institute paper were distributed two days after it was read, so 
that the paper ‘was actually published on the 4th of March,’ but 
he seems to have been in error in stating that the March num- 
ber of the American Journal. of Science, which contained Pro- 
fessor Swallow’s letter, was issued ‘between the 4th and 10th 
of March’ (Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, vol. XLIV, 1867, p. 38, 
d.n.) The Proceedings of the Albany Institute for March 2, 
1858, following the remarks of Professor Hall upon Mr. Meek’s 
paper, contain the following statement: ‘Mr. Gavit called at- 
tention to the fact that, in the last number of Silliman’s Jour- 
nal, Professor Swallow makes a similar announcement as to the 
identity of certain fossils of Nebraska with those recognized 
as Permian.’ (Trans. Albany Inst., vol. Iv, p. 248.) Finally, 
Prof. James D. Dana wrote me: ‘I have no doubt that the 
number for March, 1858, was cut and off by the Ist [of March] 
if not before.’ (Letter of March 28, 1895.)”’ 
Professor Swallow did his greatest work in Kansas while 
serving as state geologist. His report was published by the 
state under date of January, 1866. This report includes a. 
‘Section of the Rocks in Eastern Kansas.” Beginning with 
the Cretaceous and numbering downward the numbers extend 
from 1 to 256, inclusive, and in a way cover everything from 
the Cretaceous down to and including the Lower Carbonifer- 
ous. When we consider the youthfulness of the science of 
geology at that time in connection with the limited means for 
exploration available for Professor Swallow and his colaborers, 
it is surprising how accurately they grasped the true geological 
conditions of Kansas. The boundaries between the great 
geological divisions were located by them with a high degree of 
accuracy. They recognized surprisingly well the extent and 
value of the Coal Measures of eastern Kansas and the salt and 
gypsum deposits in the middle part of the state. 
But when we come to a detailed study of the individual beds: 
of limestone, sandstone and shale we find that Swallow was 
led into error many times in his correlations. This fact is: 
