52 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
equally applicable in either of the others, although this has 
not been fully established. The great coal basin west of the 
Mississippi, which extends southward by way of Iowa, Mis- 
souri and Kansas, also covers a part of Oklahoma and veers 
around to the east into Arkansas, south of the Arkansas river. 
Dr. C. R. Keyes, while assistant state geologist of Iowa, and 
later as state geologist of Missouri, published a number of 
papers in different state reports and also in current geological 
magazines, many of which had a bearing on Kansas geology. 
Although never having done any actual work in the state, his 
labors in adjoining areas made it possible for him to draw 
numerous inferences and to take part in discussions of classi- 
fication and introduction of names in the Kansas Coal Meas- 
ures. Usually his investigations were of a general character 
rather than specific, and his boundary lines between two con- 
tiguous horizons were rarely sharply defined. He suggested 
many names, covering almost the entire Carboniferous, but his 
descriptions were never detailed enough for his readers to 
locate positively the boundary lines embracing the parts 
named. He revived Broadhead’s term, “‘Bethany Falls lime- 
stone,” leaving out the “Falls” applied originally by Broad- 
head, to one individual limestone horizon and spread it over a 
complex of limestones and interbedded shales which he limited 
both above and below in such general language that workers in 
Kansas have never been able to know definitely where the 
boundary lines should be drawn; and this, too, after the Kan- 
sas Survey had, by most careful work, traced the outcroppings 
of many of these limestones and applied names to them. In 
general his publications have tended to confusion rather than 
to clearer interpretations in Kansas geology. 
Prof. C. S. Prosser has been intimately connected with the 
development of Kansas geology for something over ten years. 
His first and greatest work in the state was done under the 
auspices of the United States Geological Survey in the area 
covered by the Cottonwood folio. This brought him at once in 
contact with the Upper Carboniferous and the Permian of the 
state, and nearly all the literature covering these subjects 
which has appeared during this period has come from his pen. 
He has done a valuable work in correcting certain errors that 
were creeping into our literature and in setting us right on a 
number of mooted questions. He has done practically all the 
-~vork in establishing the boundary line between the Permian 
