72 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
beds, making it thereby impossible to interpret such records. 
But there is a practical unanimity in all the records regarding 
the heavier limestones and thicker shales. It seems that there 
is a tendency westward for the deep-seated limestones to grow 
thinner and shales correspondingly thicker. This is well 
shown in the deep wells at Topeka, McFarland and Le Roy. 
Plate XIII, therefore, should be looked upon as somewhat 
diagrammatic, and yet it is accurate to a comparatively high 
degree. 
Records of as many deep wells are included in this report as 
seemed desirable for the complete illustration of all questions 
of stratigraphy herein set forth. Quite a number of them were 
published in volumes I and III of our State Survey reports, and 
are repeated here in order to make the exposition more com- 
plete. Necessarily, well records from the southern part of 
the state are more numerous than from the northern, due to 
the greater activity in the southern oil-fields. 
On Names. 
In earlier pages of this report is given a brief historical 
sketch of the geological work done in Kansas by various geolo- 
gists from the earliest times down to the present. In this 
sketch is pointed out how the pioneer work of Hayden, Meek, 
Swallow and others was necessarily reconnaisance in nature, 
how after a fashion various names were given for various in- 
dividual formations, and how it was found it was practically 
impossible to retain all of such reconnaisance names on ac- 
count of errors in correlations made in those early days. This 
Survey has been criticized, friendly and otherwise, on different 
occasions on account of its apparent lack of regard for the 
laws of priority in the use of names. Without exception such 
criticisms have emanated outside the state® from parties poorly 
informed regarding the details of Kansas stratigraphy, and 
also regarding the work recently performed. Those interested 
in the subject are advised to compare carefully the outline 
given by Swallow in his report of 1866 with the detailed stra- 
6. On page 122, in volume I, Neb. Geol. Surv., 1903, occurs the following: “In 
the classification eo the Carboniferous beds of this region the more conspicuous pio- 
neers are Swallow, Meek, Hayden and Broadhead. Swallow and Broadhead, in par- 
ticular, have the undoubted right of priority, in that a full generation ago they 
studied the stratigraphy of Missouri, Kansas and Iowa to Nebraska, recognized and 
named the successive beds, and described them minutely and unmistakably. How- 
ever, some later writers, ignorant of their work or ignoring it altogether, have re- 
christened some of the layers. In the last decade the stratigraphy of this same re- 
gion has been studied by Keyes, Prosser, Williston, Beede, Haworth, Darton, and 
others.’”’ Comment is unnecessary. 
