HAWORTH AND BENNETT.|] General Stratigraphy. 81 
casionally a well will pass entirely through the Cherokee shales 
without finding any sandstone. Elsewhere the productive 
sand is from 50 to 100 feet in thickness and lies at various ele- 
vations within the Cherokee shales. The detailed discussion 
of sandstone is reserved for another chapter, in discussing the 
occurrence of oil. It may be stated here, therefore, that the 
principal cause for the spotted character of the oil-fields is 
irregularity in occurrence of the sandstones. 
Coal in the Cherokee Shales.—The Cherokee shales contain 
large quantities of coal, which is scattered through the shales 
in a manner similar to that just given for sandstone. ‘The 
coal mined in Cherokee, Crawford, Leavenworth and Atchison 
counties all comes from the Cherokee shales. Years ago Atchi- 
son produced a small amount of coal from the Lawrence shales, 
which should not be confused with the coal now produced from 
the deep mines at that place. Well-drilling has shown us that 
coal is irregularly scattered through these shales farther to 
the west. For example, a 28-inch bed of it lies just above the 
Mississippi limestone under Cherryvale. At other places in 
Montgomery county drillers report a bed of coal 4 to 5 feet in 
thickness. Similar reports come from a number of other 
places, showing that the Cherokee shales in the aggregate are 
exceedingly rich in carbon. 
For list of fauna of the Cherokee shales see chart, plate 
XLII; for list of flora see chapter by Doctor Sellards, this vol- 
ume. 
Fort Scott Limestone.1° 
The name Fort Scott limestone is here applied to the two 
limestone beds occurring at Fort Scott with about 7 feet of 
shale between, which beds have been traced in detail both 
southwest and northeast to beyond the state line, as repre- 
sented on the map given as plates Ia, Ib and Ic and in the 
various geological sections, plates III and IV. 
In 1894 Haworth and Kirk," in a preliminary description of 
a geological section along the Neosho river, named these rocks 
Oswego limestone, which name was retained in volume III of 
this series of reports. In his report on Kansas geology in 1866 
Swallow named the upper one the Fort Scott limestone. Since 
the first publication of the name Oswego, in 1894, it has been 
10. Swallow, Prof. G. C.: Rep. Kan. State Geol. Surv., p. 25. Lawrence, 1866. 
11. Haworth, Erasmus, and Kirk, M. Z.: Kan. Univ. Quart., vol. 11, p. 105. 
Lawrence, January, 1894. 
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