HAWORTH AND BENNETT.| General Stratigraphy. 91 
where it is so closely associated with the Mound Valley and 
Dennis limestones, it retains its thickness and is fully 20 feet 
thick at Graystone Heights, Kansas City, where it is ex- 
posed along the bluffs of Turkey creek and is given at 20 feet 
8 inches by Broadhead in his general section. 
Area.—The Bethany Falls limestone appears just west of 
Mound Valley not much above a level with the streets of 
the town. South of this it has not been seen. Here it is 
little more than 12 inches in thickness. Its outcropping line 
from here to the northeast parallels that of the Coffeyville 
limestone beneath it and the Mound Valley limestone above 
it. It occurs on the low hills a little east of EKrie, and some 
fifteen to twenty miles north its outcropping line becomes the 
same as the general escarpment capped by the Bethany Falls, 
Mound Valley and Dennis limestones. From this area the | 
outcropping lines of the three continue northward, forming 
an exceedingly irregular or zigzag line covering a zone from 
fifteen to twenty miles in width, and passes across the east 
line of the state into Missouri in the southeast part of Miami 
county. From here it swings to the east an unknown dis- 
tance, but passes back westward along the Missouri river, 
entering the state in the bluffs on both sides of the Kansas 
river at Kansas City, up which stream it extends almost to 
Holliday. It also extends up the west side of the Missouri 
river almost to Quindaro. 
Characteristics.—The Bethany Falls limestone in general 
may be characterized as moderately pure in composition, rang- 
ing from 90 to 95 per cent. calcium carbonate, thick bedded, 
almost pseudomassive in places, and resisting the influence of 
weathering agents more than the ordinary limestone. It 
bleaches to more nearly a pure white than any of the lime- 
stones described lying beneath it. Its walls and blocks along 
the line of its outcropping present a beautiful white appear- 
ance in the distance. 
Fauna.—see Doctor Beede’s chart, plate XLII. 
Ladore Shales. 
The name Ladore shales was used by Adams to designate 
the shales lying between the Bethany Falls limestone below 
and the Mound Valley above. It is here used with that sig- 
nificance. 
81. Adams, Dr. George I.: U.S. G.S., Bull. 238, map plate I, p. 14. Washing- 
ton, 1904. . 
