96 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
to the northeast they have no specially characteristic prop- 
erties. 3 
Drum Limestone.87 
The name Drum limestone was first suggested by Adams to 
designate the limestone covering the hilltops around Cherry- 
vale and occurring in such abundance in the vicinity of Inde- 
pendence. Previously Haworth and Piatt®® had applied the 
name Independence limestone to this same formation. It ap- 
pears, however, that the name Independence was previously 
used by Calvin®® for a division of the Devonian shales in the 
vicinity of Independence, Iowa, and its use must, therefore, be 
abandoned by this Survey. 
Thickness.—The Drum limestone is the most variable in 
thickness of any one known in southeastern Kansas. On top 
of the bluffs south of Cherryvale it is only 5 feet thick, and 
still thinner to the north, but its thickness has been somewhat 
reduced by surface erosion. To the southwest its thickness in- 
creases very rapidly until at the Western States Portland Ce- 
ment plant site just beyond Independence city limits to the 
southeast it has a thickness of about 80 feet. From here 
southward it rapidly decreases again and is not more than 6 or 
8 feet in thickness on the Coffeyville hill at the Coffeyville 
water-works. North from Cherryvale it grows thinner and 
becomes a mere trace in the shales and sandstones east of Cha- 
nute. It has not been traced regularly farther north, but it 
has been observed in different places in Linn county and proba- 
bly is the equivalent of one of the limestones on the bluffs at 
Kansas City. Doctor Beede says that “‘faunally it agrees with 
the Oolite of Kansas City.” 
Characteristics —The Drum limestone at Independence has 
a high degree of purity and yields from 90 to 95 per cent. cal- 
cium carbonate upon analysis. Southward at the Coffeyville 
water-works it is exceedingly impure, one analysis giving only 
78 per cent. calcium carbonate. 
The plant at Independence makes a superior quality of Port- 
land cement by using about four parts of the limestone to one 
of river-valley soil. ‘To the northeast from Independence its 
properties do not greatly vary until the vicinity of Chanute is 
87. Adams, Dr. George I.: U.S. G.S., Bull. 211, p. 37. Washington, 19038. 
88. Haworth, Prof. Hrasmus, and Piatt, W. H. H.: Kan. Univ. Quart., vol. I1, 
jo}, altos Lawrence, 1894. 
39. Calvin, Prof. Samuel: Amer. Jour. Sci. (3), vol. xv, p. 460. 1878. 
