100 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
which are completely filled with calcite. A microscopic ex- 
amination also shows that the body of the rock at Iola and 
elsewhere is practically crystallized, so that the name “Iola 
marble,” formerly used, was not much of a misnomer. The 
Iola limestone is used very extensively at Iola for the manu- 
facture of Portland cement. At the present time two differ- 
ent plants are located upon it at Iola, and two are building at 
Humboldt. At each mill it is mixed with the proper propor- 
tion of the overlying shale. Great quantities of chert lie in 
the soil just above this limestone in the eastern part of Miami 
county, perhaps disintregrated from its upper surface. 
Fauna.—see Doctor Beede’s chart, plate XLII. 
Lane Shales.43 
The term Lane shales was applied by Haworth in 1895 to 
the bed of shales first above the Iola limestone, and is here 
used with the same significance. In those early days, before 
positive correlations were possible, there was a little doubt 
as to its exact limitations. At present such doubt is all re- 
moved and, therefore, its exact position may be given as a 
shale-bed lying between the Iola limestone below and the Allen 
limestone above. 
Adams,** entirely ignoring the use of this name, although it 
had been in good standing for ten years, has used in its place 
the name Concreto, probably in allusion to the manufacture of 
Portland cement at Iola. Why such disregard for well-estab- 
lished usage he does not mention. 
Thickness.—The Lane shales vary in thickness from 30 or 
40 feet up to a maximum of about 150 feet. 
Avrea.—The Lane shales occupy a zone extending all the 
way from the south side of the state, in Montgomery county, 
northeastward, and approach the east state line in the vicinity 
of Stillwell, on the Missouri Pacific. Their outcropping line 
veers back a little to the west, so they appear on top of the hills 
at Kansas City, pass up the Kansas river almost to Eudora, and 
up the Missouri river to beyond Wolcott. 
Characteristics.—The Lane shales in general character are 
very like the Chanute and Cherryvale shales, excepting that 
they do not carry much coal. Usually they are comparatively 
free from sand and consequently are valuable for brickmaking 
43. Haworth, E.: Kan. Univ. Quart., vol. 111, p. 277. Lawrence, 1895. 
44, Adams, Dr. George I.: U.S. G.S., Bull. 288, p. 20. Washington, 1904. 
