106 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
the state in Chautauqua county northward to the Missouri 
river in the vicinity of Leavenworth. 
Characteristics.—The Le Roy shales have yielded a limited 
amount of coal; and this mainly in the vicinity of Lawrence. 
Fauna.—See Doctor Beede’s chart, plate XLII; and for list 
of flora see chapter by Doctor Sellards. 
Kickapoo Limestone.®3 
The name Kickapoo limestone is here used to designate a 
thin limestone found in places here and there entirely across 
the state, from the state line in Chautauqua county northward 
to Doniphan county beyond Atchison. It is not very import- 
ant, except at its outcrop in Doniphan county, and had been 
overlooked in a measure in our earlier field-work. On account 
of its persistence, however, throughout a distance of 200 miles, 
its importance is readily recognized. It is the lenticular lime- 
stone of Willow creek, described by Schrader, in his descrip-- 
tion of the Independence quadrangle area. 
Thickness.—The Kickapoo limestone varies from 5 to 15 
feet in thickness. Its greatest thickness is to the north, in 
Doniphan county, where it is well formed and very persistent. 
At Lawrence it is only 3 or 4 feet thick, but at the eastern foot 
of Blue Mound, six miles southeast of Lawrence, it is fully 10 
feet. Southward in general it decreases in thickness and in 
some places it scarcely recognizable. At the ford north of 
Coyville, on the Verdigris river, it is about 8 feet thick. From 
here southward to the south side of the state it is persistent. 
Characteristics.—In Doniphan county it forms great blocks 
on the face of the hills along the valley of the Missouri river. 
Fauna.—See Doctor Beede’s chart, plate XLII. 
Lawrence Shales. 
The Lawrence shales are so named by Haworth on account 
of the good exposure at the city of Lawrence and to the south 
and north of that place. 
Thickness.—The Lawrence shales vary in thickness from 
200 to 300 feet, which latter is their maximum thickness, as 
found in the extreme southern part of the state, in Chautauqua 
county. 
53. Bennett, Rev. John: Kan. Univ. Geol. Surv., vol. I, p. 61. Lawrence, 1896. 
54. Schrader, Dr. EF. C.: U.S. G.S., Bull. 296, p. 12. 1906. 
55. Haworth, Prof. Erasmus: Kan. Univ. Geol. Surv., vol. I, p. 136. Lawrence, 
