HAWORTH AND BENNETT.| General Stratigraphy. 107 
Area.—They extend all the way in a broad belt from the 
southern part of Chautauqua county until they reach the Mis- 
souri river above Leavenworth, when they decrease somewhat 
throughout Atchison county and further north. 
Characteristics.—In their northern outcrop they are mainly 
clay shales, but to the south, and especially from Woodson 
county to the extreme southern part of the state, they become 
quite arenaceous, although not so much so as is usually sup- 
posed. The hills which they compose in this southern exten- 
sion are covered by sandstone to their base, and a casual ob- 
server is led to think that the entire hill is composed of sand- 
stone, while in reality the upper portion is sand and the lower 
three-fourths, at least, are mainly clay shales. Adams®® sug- 
gested the name Chautauqua, after Chautauqua county, for 
these sandstones, as a local designation, on account of their 
abundance in the areas which the Lawrence shales cover to the 
south. Coal is found in all of these shales at different hori- 
zons from the extreme north to Chautauqua county. These 
coals are of some commercial importance in Franklin county, 
and formerly were mined for home consumption to a consider- 
able extent in Douglas county. The beds afford a very good 
quality of coal in Atchison county, which is still used in parts 
of that county for domestic purposes. Two or three thin lime- 
stones were found within these shales in lenticular masses at 
various horizons, especially in the north. 
Oread Limestone.>* 
The name Oread limestone, given by Haworth, is used for the 
limestones just above the Lawrence shales. The name was 
given to these limestones because they cap the hill known as 
Mount Oread, on which the Kansas State University stands. 
It has been used continuously by this Survey since its first in- 
troduction. There are three fairly distinct individual members 
of the limestone separated by thin shale beds. 
Thickness.—The upper member of the Oread is variable in 
thickness, being from 10 to 25 feet where exposed; the middle 
member has a uniform thickness of less than 2 feet; the lower 
member is from 8 to 12 feet thick. The upper separating is 
shale from 6 to 15 feet thick and the other from 20 to 60 feet 
thick. The whole formation throughout the middle portion of 
56. Univ. Geol. Surv. of Kan., vol. I11,.pp. 58, 59. 1898. 
57. Haworth, Hrasmus: Kan. Univ. Quart., vol. 11, pp. 123, 124. Lawrence, 
January, 1894. 
