HAWORTH AND BENNETT.] General Stratigraphy. 1138 
Willard Shales.” 
These shales were named by Beede from a little village by 
that name on the south side of the Kansas river about fifteen 
miles above Topeka, and is used to designate the shales be- 
tween the Burlingame and Emporia limestones. Adams! 
called them the Olpe shales subsequently, as appears, to the 
time they were named by Beede. 
Thickness.—The Willard shales are, perhaps, in the vicinity 
of Olpe, not over 60 feet. Smith’? makes this interval a little 
less in Lyon county—that is, reckoning up to his “Emporia 
Blue”; but if the interval be carried up to what he calls the 
Emporia system the interval would be about 190 feet. 
Area.—The Willard shales area is small to the south and 
possibly not any larger to the north. 
Characteristics—The Willard shales are mainly clays 
throughout their extent. 
Emporia Limestone.” 
This name is applied by Kirk and designates the limestone 
above the Willard shales. These limestones are described by 
Smith, and Prosser® draws his description from Smith, as 
follows: The Emporia limestone “is composed of three feet 
of hard blue limestone at the base, the upper 6-inch layer 
making a good flagstone which is extensively used in Emporia. 
Then there is 4 feet of shale capped by another hard blue lime- 
stone 2 feet in thickness.” The blue limestone may be the 
equivalent of that seen by Bennett*® in his Kansas river sec- 
tion west of Topeka, near Willard. 
Thickness.—The Emporia limestone is about 9 feet in thick- 
ness, and is found in two layers separated by about 4 feet 
of shale. 
Avrea.—The Emporia limestones form but a narrow area 
extending throughout their entire outcrop. 
Fauna.—See Doctor Beede’s chart, plate XLII. 
70. Beede, Dr. J. W.: Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci., vol. xv, p. 31. Topeka, 1898. 
71. Adams, Dr. George I.: U.S. G.S., Bull. 211, p. 52. 
72. Smith, Alva J.: Bull. Lyon County Geology, p. 2. 1902. 
73. Kirk, M. Z.: Univ. Geol. Sury. of Kan., vol. I, p. 80. 1896. 
74. Smith, Alva J.: Bull. Lyon County Geology, p. 3. 1902. 
75. Prosser, Dr. Chas. 8.: Jour. of Geol., vol. x, No. 7, p. 706. 1902. 
76. Bennett, Rev. John: Univ, Geol, Surv. of Kan., vol. 1, p. 119. 1896, 
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