176 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
lines rather than elsewhere. If nature in her beneficence has 
filled the ground with these materials, prospecting along the 
anticlinal ridges most likely will discover them. 
The most marked structural features of eastern Kansas in 
connection with results of surface erosion are long, slender 
dip-plains extending northeast and southwest across the state. 
Two of these particularly are well marked. In the vicinity of 
Uniontown the Bethany Falls limestone, in connection with 
others overlying it, forms a prominent escarpment miles in 
length. According to altitudes marked on the United States 
Geological Survey topographic sheet of the Iola quadrangle, 
the top of these limestones twenty-three miles east of Chanute 
has an elevation of 1100 feet. They dip gently to the west and 
pass under the Chanute shales five or six miles east of Chanute 
and are reached by wells in the Neosho river valley at Cha- 
nute. Their dip throughout this distance is between 300 and 
400 feet. Erosion has done its work variably at different 
places on the upper surface of the limestones, in some places 
having removed the Chanute shales entirely and at other places 
left them from 10 to 75 feet thick. This dip-plain, with a rela- 
tively thin shale and soil covering, reaches many miles north- 
east and southwest. The eastern limit of it possibly represents 
the summit of an anticline from which the eastern limb has 
been removed entirely by erosion. It is difficult to decide 
definitely what the actual conditions are. 
The next most prominent dip-plain in the state is that on top 
of the Stanton limestone. In some places the Stanton and 
Allen limestones coalesce and elsewhere they usually are so 
close together they form but one escarpment, while throughout 
a short distance only is the intervening shale-bed thick enough 
to give them especially different outcropping lines, all of which 
is plainly shown in figures 1 and 2 of plate XII. Their eastern 
outcropping line practically parallels the outcropping line of 
the Bethany Falls limestone. Overlying the Stanton is an ag- 
gregate of about 300 feet of shales with only a small limestone 
interbedded—the Kickapoo limestone—which seldom has pro- 
duced any particular influence on surface features. The Oread 
limestone, on top of the Lawrence shales, therefore, limits the 
next escarpment to the west. This gives us a long, narrow 
zone northeast and southwest, with the Stanton limestone at 
its base and the overlying shales somewhat irregularly but 
