HAwortH.| Detailed Geology of Oil and Gas. 177 
almost entirely removed westward to the outcroppings of the 
Oread limestone. 
The Stanton limestone underlies the town of Olathe, from 
which the surface dips gently to the west as far as Lawrence, a 
distance of nearly twenty-five miles. Likewise, the same lime- 
stone has its eastern outcropping near Kincaid. On the west 
a stream between Kincaid and Colony cuts through it, but 
neglecting this we have the dip-plain reaching west from Kin- 
eaid to the bluffs west of Le Roy, a distance of twenty-eight 
miles. Again the Stanton limestone lies on top of the escarp- 
ment six miles west of Chanute and forms a dip-plain from 
which the overlying shales have been almost entirely removed 
westward to the vicinity of Toronto. The outlying hills south- 
east of Toronto are capped by the Oread limestone, the first 
important limestone above the Stanton, which gives a dip- 
plain for the Stanton limestone here of about eighteen miles. 
The same dip-plain is prominent west of Neodesha, beginning 
with bluffs west of Fall river and extending westward to 
Longton, a distance of twenty-three or twenty-four miles. In 
this part of the state, however, the Chautauqua sandstones 
occupy the principal thickness of the Lawrence shales. By 
their varying power of resisting erosion a very hilly country is 
produced throughout the western part of the dip-plain, making 
the range of hills extend some miles east of the Oread lime- 
stone outcroppings. However, the dip-plain extends westward 
in a typical manner more than half of the distance named. 
It is moderately certain that, in some places, at least, the 
summits of the prominent escarpments are the summits of 
anticlinal ridges. The Stanton escarpment near Chanute is a 
good example. Here the underlying shales and limestones dip 
gently to the east, which tells the story. It is an interesting 
fact that the large gas-field developed west of Olneuutue is on 
the summit of this anticlinal arch. 
Probably almost no phase of the detailed geology of the 
Midcontinental field is of more practical importance than the 
one now under discussion. It must be said that in general 
our Kansas fields contain only very mild structural features. 
This, in connection with the work of surface erosion, renders 
it difficult to establish the presence or absence of anticlinal 
arches. The great gas-field at Iola is on the dip-plain of the 
Iola limestone, which has an outcropping near Moran at an 
elevation of 1100 feet. According to the topographic map, 
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