206 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
Oil development at Coffeyville began during 1903 and con- 
tinued throughout 1904. A fair amount of good oil was found 
in shallow sands from 350 to 500 feet deep. This territory 
seems to be very spotted; so much so that during the latter 
part of the year prospecting was not crowded. Oil was found 
also about Tyro, nine miles east of Caney, near the southern 
boundary of the state. That field, likewise, is spotted, some 
wells flowing as much as 250 barrels per day, while others near 
by may be dry. A fair pool was opened up during the year in 
the vicinity of Wayside, on the Santa Fe railway, about six 
miles southwest of Bolton, or twelve miles from Independence. 
In Chautauqua county there seem to be three well-defined 
pools—the Spurlock-Blundell pool, near the southern line of the 
county, south and a little west of Peru; the Hoffman pool, 
from three to five miles south of Sedan, and the pool imme- 
diately under the little town of Peru. The Spurlock-Blundell 
area had the greater development early in the year, but later 
the Hoffman field became the most active. It bids fair to de- 
velop into the best oil-field yet opened up in the state. More 
than a hundred wells were put down on town lots in Peru. 
They started with a capacity of from twenty to thirty barrels 
per day, but are now almost exhausted. In the vicinity of 
Humboldt and Chanute, oil is obtained at from 700 to 900 feet; 
in the Bolton-Wayside area from 800 to 1000 feet; at Coffey- 
ville oil thus far found is shallow, from 350 to 500 feet; at Tyro 
it is from 1050 to 1200 feet; at Caney, near 1400 feet. In the 
Spurlock-Blundell pool oil is usually found at 1100 to 1150 feet, 
and in the Hoffman pool at about 1200 to 1300 feet depth. 
The oil-bearing rock is the Cherokee shale, the lowermost mem- 
ber of the Pennsylvania series, resting unconformably upon 
the Boone formation, which, in adjacent parts of Missouri and 
Arkansas, is noted for its zinc and lead ores. No gas or oil 
has been found in Kansas in or below the Boone horizon. 
Throughout more than half the year development in the In- 
dian Territory was confined principally to the lands belonging 
to the Osage Indians, on account of difficulties in the way of 
obtaining leases elsewhere. The Indian Territory Illuminating 
Oil Company has a blanket lease on the entire Osage lands and 
subleases to actual operators. Development was confined prin- 
cipally to the extreme eastern portion of the Osage lands until 
near the close of the year. In September a good oil-well was 
brought in at Cleveland, in Oklahoma Territory, just across 
