306 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
bons, probably bicyclic naphthenes, having an odor strongly re- 
sembling turpentine, has been isolated: 
Formula. Density. Boiling-point. Refractive index. 
Cea Menton eee Re 0.7747 at 24° IPA) 5” 1.4260 N 25/D 
(Ore Peres Pee Ot eae CO aie BAe A eine LAB) 8  & 
(Grol bin 5000000000000 0000 ' 0.8146 at pr? 168°-170° 1.4460 sf 
Orr s Caer ns ae enema ts 0.8878 at 26° 198°-200° TL AUR 
Gillen hos Oe ee 0.8511 at 28° PALS AT? LAO 
CH en eee Ton 0.8629 at 22° 235°-238° 18A'G 9 eee 
Hydrocarbons of higher molar weights having the same gen- 
eral formula have been found by Mabery in petroleum from 
Ohio, California and other fields. 
HYDROCARBONS OF THE SERIES CyHon+, TERPENES. 
Members of this series occur generally in small quantities in 
all the lighter petroleums, but they are more especially found 
in the heavier varieties, Louisiana, Texas and California. By 
their tendency to oxidize and to polymerize the terpenes are 
believed to contribute to the viscosity and resinification of the 
heavier oils. They may be originally present in the crude oils, 
but to a greater or less extent they are formed, or undergo 
chemical changes, during distillation at high temperatures. 
HYDROCARBONS OF THE SERIES CnHon--, BENZENE SERIES. 
The aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene, xylenes, mesit- 
ylene, cymene, durene, isodurene and other homologues of ben- 
zene are very widely distributed constituents of petroleum. 
According to Mabery, California petroleum contains much 
larger proportions of the aromatic hydrocarbons, especially of 
the xylenes and others having higher boiling-points. 
HYDROCARBONS CONTAINING LESS HYDROGEN THAN THOSE ABOV.. 
MENTIONED. 
Mabery has identified two members of the series CaH=-s in 
heavy California petroleum. Markownikow and Ogloblin?°° 
have found, in Russian petroleum, members of the series 
CaHen-s, CoH and CaHa». Naphthalene, CuHs, has been ob- 
tained in crystals from distillates of petroleum from California, 
Bavaria and Hanover. 
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS IN PETROLEUM. 
According to Markownikow and Ogloblin, substances having 
the properties of phenols are present in small amounts in all 
the distillates from the petroleum of Baku, but in the kerosene 
fraction 220°-230° the total oxygen content was found to be as 
250. Berichte d. deutsch. chem. Ges., 16, 1873; 1883. 
