BUSHONG.] Chemical Composition of Petroleum. 311 
siderable quantities of gasoline by evaporation. 'They were 
shipped in ordinary five-gallon cans, which were closed with 
cork stoppers. Recently a can of oil arrived at the University 
after having been delayed two weeks on account of the June 
floods, but apparently in good condition. Its gravity was 
33.4° Bé. and it yielded 15 per cent. of gasoline. A sample 
shipped from the same well in March had a gravity of 36.9° 
Bé. and yielded 20 per cent. of gasoline. It will therefore be 
necessary to consider the possibility of variations due to this 
cause when comparing the results given in the tables that fol- 
low. | 
In attempting to compare oils of one field with those of an- 
other, it must be remembered that variations in the manner in 
which different experimenters carry out their distillations will 
cause differences in their results. Notwithstanding the errors 
thus arising, it seems desirable, especially in view of the fact 
that the prices paid for crude oils differ so much in different 
states, to compare the character of Kansas oils with that of 
oils from other fields. 
In the upper left-hand portion of plate XLI curves are drawn 
so as to show the yield of gasoline and kerosene given by oils 
from important fields. The data regarding oils outside the 
Kansas field have been taken from publications already re- 
ferred to elsewhere in this chapter. Temperatures are repre- 
sented vertically and percentages of distillate horizontally. 
The best yield is shown by Pennsylvania oil, which gives 20 
per cent. of distillate boiling up to 150° C., which includes the 
gasoline, and about 60 per cent. distillate boiling below 300° C., 
which includes the kerosene. The next best oil is from Neode- 
sha, Kan., which yields 17 per cent. gasoline and 47 per cent. 
oils boiling below 300° C. The third rank is taken by the oil 
from Findlay, Ohio, which gives a total yield below 300° C. 
equal to that from Neodesha, but it yields only 10 per cent. of 
gasoline, which is a little lower than the average of the sixteen 
gasoline-producing oils of Kansas. 
The similarity between the oils of Kansas and of Ohio is 
further brought out by a comparison of the specific gravity and 
refractive index of the distillates.75” 
257. Bull. No. 282, U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 129. 
