BEEDE AND ROGERS.|] Coal Measures Faunal Studies. 319 
faunal zones, was conceived while working on material gath- 
ered by earlier collectors. As was the custom at that time, 
the exact positions and: localities for this material were not 
recorded, the idea being to get good specimens and many spe- 
cies. Differences of the faunas from the various horizons 
were then recognized with difficulty, if at all, though their 
great similarities were apparent, so that no definite conclu- 
sions could be drawn regarding the grouping, or limits of 
groups, on account of lack of accurate data. The only method 
by which these data could be supplied was to collect them 
- from the rocks. 
There have been two results of the study of the material se- 
cured: First, the demonstration of sufficient faunal differ- 
ences to warrant the establishment of a number of distinct 
faunal groups of the rank of stages, which was the immedi- 
ate object of the undertaking; second, the revelation to us of 
many problems of distribution and morphologic characters of 
the fossils, which must be worked out before the fauna as a 
whole can be comprehensively known. This paper deals 
largely with the first of these results. 
Historieal, 
Kansas has long been known for the remarkable abund- 
ance of its well-preserved Coal Measures and Permian fossils 
and has received the attention of the earlier American pale- 
ontologists. Most of the published work of these men on the 
Kansas fossils has been reviewed in the recent discussion of 
the geology of the state by members of the staff of the Survey 
and in the recent papers of other authors, so that it is un- 
necessary to review it here. Suffice it to say that the names 
of Mudge, Meek and Hayden, St. John, Swallow, Shumard and 
Hawn will always be connected in an important way with any 
elucidation of the paleontology of eastern Kansas. 
Some who have played a most active part in the collection 
of valuable paleontological material have been local men, in- 
spired solely by the love of science. One of the foremost 
among these was Judge E. P. West, who made large collections 
now in the University. Rev. John Bennett, who has probably 
done more detailed stratigraphic work on the Kansas Coal 
Measures formations than any other man, has collected much 
material of value. His list of fossils of the horizons from 
which he collected are particularly full. Mr. J. A. Parrish 
