BEEDE AND ROGERS.| Coal Measures Faunal Studies. 3829: 
continental sea located within a region of subdued topography, 
causing local shifting and occasional, in this instance rhyth- 
mical, wider shiftings of faunas to regions without the bounds. 
of the state. These greater movements were several times ac- 
companied by a breaking down of barriers for a short time, 
allowing new faunal elements to enter the Kansas basin. The 
present state of our knowledge is not such as to permit of a 
clear understanding of the extent and true significance of these 
changes. 
The faunules to be considered in this paper are mainly those 
of the limestones. The species of the intervening shales are 
different from those of the limestones but are considered to be 
contemporaneous with them, though they occur in sediments. 
deposited immediately beneath or upon them. They repre- 
sent faunas coexisting in adjacent regions under different con- 
ditions of sedimentation, the shale faunas merely shifting into 
a region when the muddying of the waters either caused the 
existing fauna to retreat or smothered it. On account of the 
lack of good exposures and the paucity of the shale faunas 
the limestone faunas are much better known. 
Throughout this field there is a closer and more interesting 
relation between the character of the faunules and the nature 
of the deposition among the limestones themselves than there 
is between the limestones and shales. In impure, marly layers, 
certain species are found more abundantly than elsewhere. 
White pure limestones contain a somewhat different fauna 
from impure ones, etc. The heavy odlites are characterized by 
a strong molluscan fauna with a proportionally small brach- 
iopod fauna. In this way the limestones of Stage C present a 
very different appearance at Kansas City from what they do in 
southern Kansas, though there is no doubt of their continuity. 
As will be seen below, the faunal differences found in a forma- 
tion are quite as striking as are the variations of its lithological 
phases. 
The Bethany Falls limestone is the lowest of the formations 
common to the Kansas river region in Kansas and the Neosho 
river or southern Kansas region. From a single locality at 
Erie we have over 400 specimens of Lophophyllum westii 
Beede, while extensive collecting from this horizon at Kansas 
City and Pleasant Hill, Mo., have failed to reveal a specimen 
of it. For this reason it has been necessary in constructing 
the chart to represent as abundant species which may not be 
