SELLARDS.] Fossil Plants, Upper Paleozoic, Kansas. 449 
indicates that they are not the result of any accidental injury 
to the plant. It is difficult to make out with any degree of cer- 
tainty what they are. They resemble some fungi rather closely. 
The possibility that they may be the result of pathological 
growth due to the puncture of an insect naturally suggests 
itself and, indeed, seems very possible. The scars made on the 
stem of the common false indigo (Amorpha fruticosa) quite 
similar to the scars on the stems of these plants first suggested 
to me the comparison with insect punctures. More recently I 
have been able to demonstrate that some of the Paleozoic in- 
sects were provided with a protruding ovipositor not unlike 
that of modern katydids. Numerous fossil insects have now 
been obtained in immediate association with the Kansas plants. 
Figure 2, plate LX VII, shows another set of markings en- 
tirely on the lamina. They are elongate, or ovate-elongate, 
with the long axis parallel to the nerves, of varying size from 
very small to 5 or 6 mm., close or distant, project sensibly 
from the frond, usually with the carbonaceous layer rubbed 
off of the top. Some of the smaller ones are uninjured, and 
seem to show an elevated border with a depressed center. 
These scars are very suggestive of the work of the fungi. 
The scars have an added interest because of their resem- 
blance to scars on the type specimens of Txeniopteris newberri- 
ana from West Virginia, which Professors Fontaine and I. C. 
White regard as the bases of sori. In the West Virginia speci- 
mens the scars are placed in a single row along each side of the 
midrib, and the frond is divided into segments by deep, obtuse 
sinuses. Nothing of the segmented character has been ob- 
served on our specimens, and the large scars are more com- 
monly on the midrib. These authors, however, compare the 
sears to those on Macrotzniopteris magnifolia, to which ours 
are very closely related. They say, Permian Flora, page 93, 
“Macrotxniopteria rogersi Schimper of the Richmond coal- 
field, contains, on specimens in our possession, elliptical de- 
pressions strikingly like the depressions seen on this plant, and 
shown on plate XXXIV, figure 3. In the specimen from the 
Richmond coal the depressions are larger, and are placed in 
one row on the midrib. Prof. Wm. B. Rogers, however, in his 
description of the plant, says that they often occur in rows, one 
on each side of the midrib.” From their general resemblance 
there seems little doubt that the scars on the Kansas specimens 
are of the same nature as those on the West Virginia speci- 
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