42 
1823. Taxus labradoricus, Say, Long’s Exp., 1, 1823, 261, 369. 
1838. Tasxidea labradoria, (?) Waterh., P. Z. S., vi, 1838, 154; T. Z.5., ii, 
1841, 3413, pl. 59 (may be the other sub-species). 
1842. Tasxidea labradoria, H. Smith, Nat. Lib., xiii, 1842, 310 —Gray, a 
Mamm. Br. Mus., 1843, 70.—Baird, M. N. A., 1857, 745 (Expl. of - 
pls.).—Gerr., ove Bones Br. Mus., 1862, 99. 
1857. Taxidea americana, Baird, M. N. A., 1857, 202, pl. 36, f. 2—Newb., 
P. R. R. Rep., vi., 1857, 45 (habia eltGoap , N. H. W. T., 1860, 
77.— Suckley and Gibbs, ibid., 117—Hayd., Trans. Am. Philos. 
Soe., xl, 1862, 184 (upper Missouri country).—Gray, P. Z.S., 
1865, 141; Cat. Carn. Br. Mus., 1869, ——Coop., Am. Nat., ii, 
1868, 529 (Montana).—Stev., U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. for 1870, 
1871, 461.—Alen, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H., xiii, 1869 (published 
February, 1870), 183 (lowa, still numerous) ; Bull. Ess. Inst., vi, 
1874, 46 (Kansas), 54 (Colorado), 59 (Wyoming), 63 (Utah); Pr. 
Bost. Soc., xvii, 1874, 38.—Ames, Bull. Minn. Acad. Nat. Sci., 
1874, 69 (Minnesota).—Coues and Yarrow, Zcdl. Expl. W. 100 
Merid., v, 1875, 63 —Allen, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. 
Terr., vol. ii, No. 4, 1875, 330 (skull).—Jordan, Manual of the 
Vertebrates, 1878, 19.—Coues, Mon. N. A. Mus., 1877, 263. 
Distribution.—In 1858, Professor Baird gave the habitat of the Badger 
as lowa and Wisconsin to the Pacific coast, and from Arkansas to 49° 
North latitude. There is now no doubt that the animal formerly ex- 
tended eastward to Ohio. Says Dr. Coues (North American Mustelide) : 
“A letter addres-ed by Mr. Edward Orton, not long since, informs me of - 
its occurrence near Toledo, in that State, about twenty years previously, 
and of its extinction there.” . 
The fact of the former occurrence of the Badger and the present occur- 
rence of the Gray Gopher (Spermophilus franklinz), is of no little interest, 
as it extends the distribution of these strictly prairie mammals to the 
forest regions of the eastward. The writer recalls the capture of a 
Badger, in 1857, in Kankakee county, Illinois. Mr. Kennicott has the 
Species among the Mammals of Illinois, in 1853-54; and Mr. Allen, 
writing in 1866, says this species is probably nearly as numerous as for- 
merly.” The prairie-like character of Northern Indiana is continued 
into Ohio, and should be favorable to the existence of the Badger and 
Spermophiles; and while these animals are eminently characteristic spe- 
cies of the central, treeless regions of the United States, where they 
attain their greatest abundance, there is no apparent necessity for doubt- 
ing the former occurrence of the Badger and present habitat of the Gray 
Gopher in Northern Ohio. It is scarcely likely that the Gopher was ac- 
