14 
GeENus Canis (Lin.) 
Canis, Lin., Systema Naturee, I, 1735. 
The generic characters of Canis are included in the description already 
given. To separate Canis from the South American fox-like wolves, 
Lycalopec and Pseudalopex, of Burmeister, we have the completely cir- 
cular pupil, large size, and short tail, as opposed to the smaller size, 
longer tail, slender muzzle, and pupil varying from round to elliptical of 
the South American genera. 
CANIS LUPUS OCCIDENTALIS. (——.) ——. 
AMERICAN WOLF; TIMBER OR BUFFALO WoLF; LOBO OF THE MEXICANS; WHITE, 
GRIZZLED, GRAY AND BRINDLED, RED, DUSKY, AND BLACK WOLVES OF AUTHORS. 
a. White Wolves. 
1829. Canis lupus albus, Sabine, Journ., 652.—Rich., F. B. A., i, 1829, 68.— 
A. & B., ii, 156, pl. 72. White, pure or washed with yellowish, 
with or without black-tipped tail. Among the largest of the 
species. Northerly and alpine. 
b. Grizzled Wolves. 
1857. C. occidentalis, var. griseo-albus, Newb., P. R. R. Rep., vi, 1857, 37; 
Coues, Am. Nat., 1867, 288.—C. arcs Maxim.—C. griseo-albus, 
Baird, 104. White, more or less grizzled with gray; large, and 
rather northerly. An intermediate link between a and 
Gray and Brindled Wolves. 
C. lupus, of authors.—Lupus occidentalis, Peale, U.S. Expl. Ex., 1848, 
26.—Marcy, Expl. Red Riv., 1852, 200.—Lupus gigas, Townsend, 
Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1850, 11,75. Gray, of variable shade 
and pattern, generally brindled; darker along the dorsal aspect, 
paler or white below; little or no rufous; medium size, most 
general distribution. 
d. fed Wolves. 
C. lupus, var. rufus, A. & B., ii, 240, pl. 20.—C. occidentalis var. rufus, 
Bd., 113. Mixed reddish and black, paler below. Small, south- 
erly, especially Texas. 
e. Dusky Wolves. 
C. nobilis, Say., Long’s Ex., 1828, 1, 168.—C. occidentalis, vars. nobilis 
and mexicanus, Bd., 111, 118. Dusky or plumbeous brown, with 
or without darker muzzle band and leg stripe. Small, chiefly 
southerly. 
f. Black Wolves. 
C. lupus ater, Rich., F. B. A., 1829, i, 70.—A. & B., 11, 126, pl. 67.— 
C. occidentalis, var. ater, Ba, 113. Black or wale so. Small, 
chiefly southerly, especially Florida. 
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