18 
World. Hight or nine species are found in North America alone. There 
are three sub-families recognized, the Cervine,with canines small or none 
including the Moose, Reindeer, and Common Deer, and constituting the 
greater partof the family ; the Cervaline, with the canine tooth of the male 
enlarged and tusk-like, and the Moschinz, or Musk Deer, of the Old World, 
without horns. The two species, here treated of, fall in the first of 
these three sub-families. 
KEY TO GENERA OF CERVID. 
* Horns, in males only, large, curving backward, with the snags all directed forward, 
one of them immediately above the burr; tail very short; hoofs broad and rounded ; 
size very large; mufile very high, and not separated from the lip by a hairy band ; 
a tuft of hair on outside of hind leg above middle of metatarsus. . . CERVUS. 
** Horns in males—rarely found in females; muzzle broadly naked. Horns rather small, 
curving forward; first snag short, some distance above the base, and like the others 
curving upward. Tail rather long; hoofs rather elongate. Fur shorter and fulv- 
ous in summer, longer and grayish in winter. A narrow, short, naked, glandular 
space ou the outer side of the metatarsus. . ‘ y ; , : CARIAOUS. 
GrENus Cartacus Gray. 
This Genus includes the Mule Deer, or Black-tailed Deer, C. macrotis 
(Gray), of the Rocky Mountain region, C. virginianus macrurus (Raf.) 
Coues, the White-tailed Deer, of general distribution in the West, associ- 
ated in most of its ranges with the Black-tailed Deer, the Dwarf Deer 
of Arizona, QC. virginianus, var. couest Rothrock, MSS., and the true C. 
eirginianus, east of the Missouri, and north to Maine. 
CARIACUS VIRGINIANUS (Bodd.) Gray. 
VireiniA DEER; RED DEER. 
1784. Cervus virginianus, Boddaert, EKlench. An., i, 1784, 186.—Zimm., 
Penn. Arkt. Zool., 1787, 31.—Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 179.— 
Kerr’s Linn., 1792, 299.—Schreb., Saugt., v, 1886.—Shaw, Gen. 
Zool., ii, 1801, 284.—Desmarest, Mamm., ii, 1822, 442.—Harlan, 
F. Am., 1825, 238.—Godman, Am. N. H., 11, 306.—Doughty’s Cab. 
N. H., i, 1830, 3; pl. 1, male, female, young—De Kay, N. Y. 
Zool., i, 1842, 113; pl. xxviii, f. i—Wagner, Suppl. Schreb., 
iv, 1844, 373.—Aud. & Bach., N. Am. Quad., 11, 1851, 220; pl. 
lxxxi,cxxxvi.—Pucheron, Mon. Du Cerf., Arch. du Mus., vi, 1852, 
305. ‘ 
Distribution.—This is the best known and most abundant of the Ameri- 
can Deer. According to Audubon and Bachman, it is not found north of 
Maine, from which limit it extends over the whole United States east of 
the Missouri river. 
It is still found in the mountains of New York, Bemneplvanie Mary- 
