90 
elongated, and not fringed; the nostrils superior or lateral; eyes hidden ; 
tail short ; teeth 36 or 54; the two auterior upper ones unusually large, 
and somewhat like those of a rodent. 
Pomel, in 1848, separated a genus, Scapanus, the claims of which to 
generic rank are now fully conceded, for the group with 44 teeth, retain- 
ing the name Scalops for the species with 36 teeth. In Scalops the two 
lateral incisors on each side above are small, thread-like, and often de- 
ciduous; in Scapanus all the teeth in both jaws in front of the last pre- 
molar, except the broad anterior upper incisors, are of nearly equal size, 
conical, the upper with the points rounded off, the lower more com pressed 
and with the points more acute. In Scalops the tail is nearly naked; in 
Scapanus the tail is densely hairy. 
Prof. Baird, in 1857, admitted three species of Scalops; S. argentatus, 
_ Ohio, and west; S. aqguaticus, the well-known species of the eastern United 
States, and S. latumanus of Mexico. The latter is shown by H. Peters as 
equivalent to S. aguaticus, or to the western form, S. aquaticus, var. argen- 
tatus (Aud. and Bach.), so Scalops stands represented by one species and a 
geographical race. In the genus Scapanus, Pomel, are two well-defined 
species; S. townsendi the Oregon Mole, and S. brewert, the Hairy-tailed 
Mole of Connecticut and New York to Cleveland, Ohio. Condylura cras- 
tata (L), the Star-Nosed Mole, and Urotrichus gibbsi of the Western Coast, 
complete the series of American Talpidx. 
ScaLops Aquaticus Fischer. 
COMMON EASTERN MOLE. 
1758. Sorex aquaticus, Lin., Syst. Nat., 10th Ed., i, 1758, 53—Hrxleben, 
Syst. Reg. Anim., 1771, 123—Schreber, Sadugt, 111, 566, table 
108.—Boddaert, Elenchus Anim., 1784, 124.—Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 
i, 1788, 112. 
1771. Brown Mole, Penn., Syn. Quad., 1771, 314. 
1777. Talpa flavescens, Hrxleben, Syst. Reg. Anim., 1777, 118. (From 
Pennant.) | 
1800. Talpa purpurascens, Shaw, Gen. Zodl. Mamm., i, 1800, 521. 
1820. Scalops canadensis, Desmarest, Mam., i, 1820, 155.—Harlan, Fauna 
Am., 1825, 32.—Woodruff, Am. Journal Sc., xxviii, 1835, 168. 
(Habits.) 
1829. Scalops aquaticus, Fischer, Syn., 1829, 249,—Bachman, Bost. Jour. 
Nat. Hist., iv, 1848, 28—Wagner, Suppl. Schreb., ii, 1841, 108.— 
Aud. and Bach., Quad. N. A., i, 1849, 81, pl. 31.—Jordan, Man. 
Vert., 2d Ed., 1878, 25. 
