REPORT 
ON THE 
Pep Or OTC: 
BY J. M. WHEATON, M.D. 
The State of Ohio is situated between 38° 25’ and 42° north latitude 
and 80° 30’ and 84° 5’ west longitude from Greenwich, or 38° 30’ and 
7° 50’ west from Washington. It is thus the most southern of the 
northern tier of States, its northern border corresponding in latitude 
with ‘the southern border of Michigan and New York. Its extreme 
length is, from east to west, about 220 miles; its greatest width from 
north to south about 210 miles. Its area is approximately 40,000 square 
miles. About two-thirds of the State is under cultivation, and of the 
remaining third nineteen-twentieths is woodland. Before cultivation a 
few small prairies in the western and central portions of the State inter- 
rupted the general woodland. 
Two-thirds of the State may be considered as forming a part of the 
great Mississippi Valley, while about the northern third is in the basin 
of the great lakes. The water-shed which divides the streams flowing 
into Lake Erie from those tributary to the Ohio, traverses the State 
from near the north-east corner in a south westerly direction as a low 
ridge, the greatest elevation of which is nowhere more than 1,400 feet 
above the sea. This water-shed is lower in Ohio than in Pennsylvania 
and New York. 
The variations in the general surface of the State are not great. The 
elevation of Lake Erie is 5654 feet, and that of Cincinnati, the lowest 
point, 429 feet above tide water,, or 135 feet below the Lake. 
The section of the State lying between the water-shed and the Lake 
is generally level, presenting a gradual slope to the north. The central 
