ORDERS OF BIRDS. 203 
forms, tubular or simply fissured, never abortive. No gular pouch. Wings 
very long and pointed, surpassing the base, and often the end of the large, 
well formed, few-feathered tail. Carotids double. Palate schizognathous. 
Reproduction altricial; young ptilopedic. Eggs three or fewer. Habits 
highly volucral. 
M. PYGOPODES. Feet palmate or lobate. Tibiz feathered, often with a long 
apophysis, always buried in the common integument néarly to the heel joint, 
necessitating a more or less erect posture of the body on land, when progres- 
sion is difficult. Hallux small, elevated or wanting. Bill of indeterminate 
shape, wholly corneous, never lamellate or serrate, nor with gular pouch. 
Nostrils not abortive. Wings very short, reaching scarcely or not to the base, 
never to the tip, of the short, rudimentary tail. Palate schizognathous. 
Carotid usually double, sometimes single (in Podiceps and Mergulus.) Nature 
altricial or precocial; young ptilopedic. Highly natatorial. 
These orders are divided into families With few exceptions, Ohio has 
representatives of all families of North American birds. The exceptional 
families are—in Passeres, Conclide, which has a single North American 
species, Cinclus mexicanus, the Dipper or Water Ouzel, of the Rocky Moun- 
tain region; Chamexide, consisting of a single species, Chama fasciata, the 
Ground Tit of the Pacific coast region ; Cxrebide, represented by a single 
species, Certhiola flaveola, of rare occurrence in Florida only; in Gallina, 
Cracidez, represented by a single species, Ortalida vetula, Guan or Chiacalaca 
of Texas; in Lammellirostres, Phawnicopteridx, a single species, Phoeni- 
copterus ruber, American Flamingo, found in Florida and on South Atlan- 
tic and Gulf coast ; in Steganopodos, Plotedz, a single species, Plotus an- 
hinga, the Water Turkey, southern, north to Illinois; Sulzdx, the Gan- 
nets, two species; Tachypetidx, one species, Tachypetes aquila, the Man- 
of-War Bird; and Phaéthonidx, also one species; Phaethon flavirostris, the 
Tropic Bird, all marine, and mainly southern; in Longipennes, Procel- 
laridz, Petrels, strictly marine; in Pygopodes, Alcidz, the Awks, also 
strictly marine. 
