ORDER PASSERES. PHRCHERS. 
SUB-ORDER OSCINES. Singers. 
FAMILY TURDIDA. THRUSHES. 
Primaries ten. Nostrils oval. Bristles or bristly points around the mouth. Wings 
moderate, not reaching, when folded, beyond the middle of the tail, and not over one 
and one-third times as long as the latter; tip formed by third to sixth quill; outer 
secondary reaching in closed wing three-fourths or more the length of the longest pri- 
mary. Spurious quill longer, sometimes one-half the second. 
Sub-family TURDIN Ai. Typicat THRUSHES. 
Tarsus covered anteriorly with a continuous plate without scales. 
GENUS TURDUS. Linnezeus. 
Bill rather stout, both outlines curved, commissure straight to the tip, then abruptly 
_ decurved. Tarsus longer than middle toe. Tail nearly even or emarginate. 
TURDUS MIGRATORIUS. Linn. 
HrRobin. 
Turdus migratorius, KIRTLAND, Ohio Geol. Surv., 1838, 163.—RkEAD, Family Visitor (news- 
paper), iii, 1853, 399; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, 1853, 395 —WuHEATON, Ohio 
Agric. Rep. for 1860 (1861), 363; Reprint, 5; Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric, Rep. 
for 1874 (1875), 562; Reprint, 2.—GaRLick, Am. Nat., ii, 1868, 492.—LANGDON, Cat. 
Birds of Cin., 1877, 3; Revised List, Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist, i, 1879, 169; Re- 
print, 3. 
Robin, KiRTLAND, Fam. Visitor, 1, 1850, 1—Baxuou, Field and Forest, iii, 1878, 136. 
Turdus migratorius, LINNAUS, Syst. Nat., i, 1766, 292. 
Turdus (Planesticus) migratorius, BAIRD, Birds North Am., 1858, 218. 
Turdus migratorius var. migratorius, BAIRD, BREWER, and RiIpGway, N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 25. 
Above dark olive gray, blackish on head and tail; below reddish brown, throat, vent 
and under tail coverts white, throat with black streaks. Outer pair of tail feathers 
white tipped. Bill dusky above, yellow below. Feet dark. Very young birds spotted 
above and below. Length 94 inches; wing 54; tail 44. 
Habitat, North America at large. Greenland. Accidental in ued 
Abundant summer resident. Breeds. In Southern Ohio the Robin 
arrives about the middle of February and remains till November. In 
Central Ohio they arrive a week or two later and depart earlier. Nest- 
ng commences soon after arrival. The nest is usually placed on trees, 
sometimes on fences. It is composed externally of grass, moss, leaves 
