228 >  BIRDS——~TROGLODYTID ZX. 
FAMILY TROGLODYTIDA. THH WRENS. 
Primaries ten. Nostrils wholly exposrd, scaled. Tarsus distinctly seutellate. No 
rictal bristles, but lora]l feathers with bristly points Bill slender, not notched nor 
hooked. Wings and tail moderately rounded, neither very much shorter than the 
other, Size small, color brown, etc. -The wings and tail barred or undulated. 
Kirst primary not less than half the second, and inner toe united to the middle by at 
Jeast half the length of its basal joint. 
GENUS THRYOLTHORUS. Vieillot. 
Bill decurved. T. ex not reaching to the end of tail. Tarsus longer than the midd'e 
toe. Wings about equal tu ile ayched, nearly even tail. 
THRYOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS (Lath.) Bp. 
Great Carolina Wren. 
Troglodytes ludovicianus, KIRTLAND, Ohio Geolog. Surv., 1838, 168, 183; Family Visitor, 1, 
1850, 412.—AUDUBoN, B. Aim. ii, 1811, 116—Reap, Proc. Philad. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi, 
1853, 399. 
Thryothorus ludovicianus, BAIRD, P.R. R. Rep., ix, 1858, 362.— WHEATON, Ohio Agric. Rep. 
for 18v0, 365, 375; Reprint, 1“61, 7, 17; Food of Birds, ete., Ohio Agric Rep. for 1874, 
563; Reprint, 13875, 3.—Dury, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii, 1877, 50.-Lanepon, Cat. 
Birds of Cin., 1877, 4; Revised List, Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1, 1879, 170; Re- 
print, 4. 
Sylvia ludoviciana, LarHaM, Ind. Orn., il, 1790, 548, 
Troglodytes ludoviciana, ‘‘ LiCHT., \ erz., 1823, 35.” 
Thryothorus ludoviciana, BONAPARTE, Geog. and Comp. List., 1838, 11. 
Tail not longer than the wings, all its feathers with numerous fine black bars. Above 
clear reddish-brown, slightly grayer on head, brightest on ramp; below tawny of vary- 
ing shade; long conspicuous supereiliary line white or tawny; wings edged with color 
of back, and dusky waved; wing coverts usually whitish spotted; under tail coverts 
usually blackish barred; sides of body unmarked. Length 54 to nearly 6; wings 23, 
tail rather less 
Habitat, Eastern United States, rather southern, north to New York; Connecticut and 
Massachusetts rare. 
Abundant in Southern, common and resident in Middle, rare in North- 
ern Ohio. This is the largest of our Wrens. It is to be found almost 
everywhere, but prefers the wooded or rocky banks of streams, piles 
of logs and brush heaps in woodland, ravines, windfalls, and wherever 
nature, accident or design has provided:a place where it can make itself 
conspicuous one instant, and be entirely concealed the next. Its varied 
and powerful notes distinguished it from all others of its family with us. 
When busily searching on the ground or in apile of logs for food it utters 
frequently alow complaining warble or twitter, as if for its own edifica- 
tion or that of its companion. Its ordinary call note or alarm is a loud 
chirr-chirr sometimes loud and harsh, sometimes low and soft, often pro- 
longed. Its song is really aremarkable peformance. Mounting to the end 
