254 BIRDS—SYLVICOLID.. 
with the Bay-breasted Warblers, in beech woolland. Usually but two 
or three are seen in spring, mostly males. They arrive from May 15 to 
20. In the fall they are equally abundant with, and accompany the 
Bay-breasted Warblers, which at this time they so much resembie. The 
only difference in habit, that I have been able to notice, isthat the Black- 
poll is sometimes to be found in hedges and open places, sometimes on 
the ground, while the Bay-breasted Warbler confines itself almost exclu- 
sively to the branches of forest trees. These two species are perhaps 
the most abundant of the genus in the fall, and they remain during 
nearly all of September and October. 
The Black-poll Warbler breeds from the State of Maine northward. 
The nest is described by Dr. Brewer as placed in thick spruce trees, on 
the edges of woods, at a height of about eight teet from the ground. The 
nest is large and bulky for the size of the bird, built of twigs of ever- 
green trees fastened together with lichens and rootlets, lined with fine 
grass. The eggs are. five, and measure ./2 by 50 They are white, 
spotted with lavender, dark purple and reddish-brown. 
+ 
DENDR@CA CASTANEA (Wils.) Bd. 
BRay=-breasted Warbler. 
Sylvia castanea, KIRTLAND, Ohio Geolog. Surv., 1838, 163, 181; Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, 
xl, 1841, 23. 
Sylvicola castanea, ReavD, Fam. Visitor, iii, 1853, 423; Proc. Philad. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi, 
1853, 395. 
Dendroica castanea, BAIRD, P. R. R. Rep. ix, 1853, 277.—WHEATON, Ohio Agric. Rap. for 
1860, 364; Reprint, 1861, 6. 
Dendreca castanea, MAYNARD, Birds of Coos Co. N. H., and Oxfor.) Co. Me., E Proc. Boston 
Soc. Nat. Hist , xiv, 1871, 366; Reprint, 1872, 11—WHEATON, Food of Birds, etce., 
Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, 563; Reprint, 1875, 3.— LANGDON, Cat. Birds of Cin., 1877, 
5; Revised List, Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist, i, 1879, 171; Reprint, 5. 
Sylvia castanea, WILSON, Am. Orn., ii, 1810, 97. 
Sylvicola castanea, RICHARDSON, Rep. Br. Ass. for 1836 (1837), 172. 
Dendreca castanea, LAWRENCE, Ann, Lye. N.Y., vii, 1861, 322. 
Male in spring: back thickly streake1 with black and grayish olive; forehead and 
sides of head black, enclosing a large deep chestnut patch ; a duller chestnut (exactly like a 
. blue bird’s breast) occupies the whole chin and throat, and extends, more or less inter- 
rupted, along the entire sides of the body ; rest of ender parts ochrey or buffy whitish 
a similar buffy area behind the ears; wing-bars and tail-spots ordinary; bill and feet 
blackish. The female in spring is more olivacious than the male, with the markings 
less pronounced ; but always shows evident chesinut coloration ; and probably traces of 
it persist in all adult birds in the fall. The young, however, so closely resemble young 
