MARYLAND YELLOW-THROAT, | 275 
by .56, .73 by .55. Their identification was perfectly satisfactory, the female being se- 
cured instantly after being driven from the nest.” 
Genus GEOTHLYPIS. Cabanis. 
Bill rather depressed, distinctly notched, rictal bristles very short or wanting. Wings 
short, rounded, about equal to the long graduated tail. Tarsi stout, as long as the head. 
GEOTHLYPI3 TRICHAS (L.) Cab. 
Maryland Yellow-throat. 
Sylvia trichas, KIRTLAND, Ohio Geolog. Surv., 1838, 163, 182. 
Trichas marylandica, READ, Fam. Visitor, iii, 1853, 423; Proc. Philad. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi, 
1853, 395. 
Geothlypis trichas, Bairp, P. R. R. Rep., ix, 1858, 242.—WukaToNn, Ohio Agric. Rep. 
for 1860, 363; Reprint, 1861, 5; Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, 564; 
Reprint, 1875, 4.—LANGDON, Cat. Birds of Cin., 1877, 6; Revised List, Journ. Cin. 
Soc. Nat Hist., i, 1879, 172; Reprint, 6. 
Turdus trichas, LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 1766, 293. 
Sylvia trichas, LATHAM, Ind. Orn., ii, 1790, 519. 
Trichas marylandica, NUTTALL, Man., i, 1840, 454. 
Geothlypis trichas, CABANIS, Mus. Hein., i, 1856, 16. 
Male, in spring: olive-green, rather grayer anteriorly; forehead, and a broad band 
through the eye to the neck pure black, bordered above with hoary ash; chin, throat, 
breast, under tail coverts and edge of wing rich yellow, fading into whitish on the bélly ; 
wings and tail unmarked, glossed with olive; bill black; feet flesh-colored. Female, in 
spring: without the definite black and ash of the head; the crown generally brownish, 
the yellow pale and restricted. The young in general resemble the female, at any rate 
lacking the head markings of the male; but are sometimes buffy-brownish below, some- 
times almost entirely clear yellow. Length 43-5; wing and tai) 13-24. 
Habitat, United States at large; south through Mexico and Central America. West 
Indies. 
Abundant summer resident. Breeds. Arrives during the last week. 
in April and remains until the first of September. Frequents especially 
the borders of streams, but is very common in upland thickets. It is 
rarely seen in the gardens of the city. The Maryland Yellow-throat is 
terrestrial in its habits, comparatively seldom mounting to the higher 
limbs of trees. It frequents thickets, weeds, and brush piles, where its 
active pert manners, as it hops in and out between logs and fence-rails, 
resemble those of the Wren. It is rather a voluble bird, the loud, em- 
phatic whit-ti-tee-tee of the male, frequently repeated, is well known to all 
observers. Besides this song it frequently utiers a soft whit, whit, whit, 
whit, especially on the wing. It has, however, a prolonged song, which 
I have heard from the tops of trees, not loud, but varied and pleasant, 
having considerable resemblance in its modulations to the song of the 
Brown Thrush. 
