SUMMER REDBIRD. 285 
Pyranga estiva, AUDUBON, B. Am, iii, 1¢41, 222.—WuxEaTON, Ohio Agric. Rep, for 1860, 
364, 374; Reprint, 1861, 6, 16; Food of Birds, ete., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, 564 ; 
Reprint, 1375, 4.—LANGDON, Cat. Birds of Cin., 1877, 7; Revised List, Journ, Cin. 
Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 1879, 174; Reprint, 8. 
Tanagra estiva, GMELIN, Syst. Nat, i, 1788, 809. 
Pyranga estiva, ViniLuoT, N. D. a’. N., 2d ed., xxviii, 1819, 291. 
Male, rich rose-red or vermilion, including wings and tail; the wings, however, dusky 
on the inner webs; bill rather pale; feet darker. Female dull brownish-olive ; below, 
dull brownish-yellow. Young male like the female; the male changing plumage, shows 
red and green confused in irregalar patches, but no black. The temale, with a general 
resemblance tu female rubra, is distinguished by the dull brownish, ochre or buffy tinge, 
the greenish and yellowish of rubra being much purer; the bill and feet also are gen- 
much paler in @stiva. Size of rubra or rather larger. 
Habitat, Eastern United States; north regularly to the Connecticut Valley, casually 
to Massachusetts and Nova Scotia; west to Kansas, Indian Territory, and Texas; south 
to Ecuador and Peru. Cuba. Jamaica. 
Common summer resident in southern, rare in Northern Ohio. Dr. 
Kirtland notes a specimen taken in Trumbull county. Mr. Read gives it 
as not uncommon. I have seen a single specimen, several years since, 
in this locality, and one specimen from Lancaster. Dr. Howard EH. Jones 
informs me that it is not raze at Circleville, twenty five miles south of 
Columbus. Mr. Langdon states that, in the vicinity of Cincinnati, it is 
a common summer resident from May Ist to September 25th. 
In habits this species resembles the Scarlet Tanager, except that it is 
less retiring, frequenting open groves and orchards, aid often visiting 
towns and-cities. The nest is placed on the horizontal or drooping 
branch of a tree, and is constructed of various vegetable substances, often 
so thin that the eggs may be seen trom below. 
The eggs vary in size from four-fifths of an inch to an inch in length, 
and average about two-thirds of an inch in breadth. ‘Theiz color is a 
bright light shade of emerald-green, spotted, marbled, dotted, and blotched 
with various shades of lilac, brownish-purple, and dark-brown. These 
are generally well diffused over the entire egg.” 
PAMILY HIRUNDINIDA. THE SWALLOWS. 
Primaries nine. Bill triangular, depressed, about as wide at base as long; the gape 
twice as long as the culmen, reaching to about opposite the eyes; tomia straight or 
gently curved. No obvious rictal bristles. Tarsi not longer than the lateral toe and 
claw. Wings long and pointed, the first primary equal to or longer than the second. 
Central tail-feathers not half as long as the wing. 
