302 BIRDS—-VIREONIDAE. 
Vireo giluus, BONAPARTE, Journ. Phila. Acad, iv, 1824, 174. 
Vireosylvia gilva, Cassin, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1851, 153. 
Vireosylvia gilvus, BAIRD, BREWER and Ripeway, N. A. Birds, i, 1874, 368. 
Primaries ten, the exposed portion of the first of which is one-third or less of the 
second, no Obvious wing-bars, no blackish stripe along the side of the crown, and no 
abrupt contrast between color of back and crown. Upper parts greenish, with an ashy 
shade, rather brighter on the ramp and edgings of the wings and tail, anteriorly shad- 
ing inseusibly into ashy on the crown. Ash of crown bordered immediately by a whitish 
superciliary aud loral line; region immediately before and behind the eye dusky ash. 
Below, sordid white with faint yellowish (sometimes creamy or buffy) tinge, more ob- 
viously shaded along the sides with a dilution of the color of the back. Quills and 
tail-feathers fuscous, with narrow external edgings as above said, and broader whitish 
edging of the inuer webs; the wing coverts without obvious whitish tipping. Bill dark 
horn-color above, paler below ; feet plumbeous. Iris brown. Length, 5 inches, or rather 
more; wing, 2.80; tail, 2.25; bill, 40; tarsus, .67. 
Habitat, Temperate Eastern North America; west to the high central plains (beyond 
which replaced by var. swainsoni); south to Mexico. » 
Abundant summer resident from April 25th to October. Frequents 
especially the wooded banks of streams, groves, and the shade-trees of 
the city, breeding in all these locations; seldom in dense woodland. 
The ordinary note of this bird is short, querulous, and scolding, but its 
song is one of the most varied, prolonged, tender, and sweet of our sum- 
mer birds. 
The nest of this bird resembles that of the Red-eyed Vireo, both in the 
materials of which it is composed, and its general structure, but it is 
usually at a very considerable distance from the ground. 
The eggs are five, white, sparingly spotted with dark brown, sometimes 
blotched with reddish-brown, and still more rarely immaculate. They 
measure from .75 to .70 of an inch in length, and average about .55 in 
breadth. 
VIREO FLAVIFRONS V. 
YWellow=throated Vireo. 
Vireo flavifrons, KIRTLAND, Ohio Geolog. Surv., 1838, 163.—ReaD, Fam. Visitor, iii, 1853, 
375; Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi, 1853, 395.—BairD, P. R. R. Rep., ix, 1858, 342, 
WHEATON, Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1860, 365; Reprint, 7; Food of Birds, etc., Ohio © 
Agric. Rep. for 1874, 564; Reprint, 1875, 5.—Lanepon, Cat. Birds of Cin., 1877, 7. 
Vireosylvia flavifrons, BAIRD, Rev. N. A, Birds, 1866, 346. 
Lanivireo flavifrons, LANGDON, Revised List, Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 1879, 174; 
Reprint, 8. 
Vireo flavifrons, VIEILLOT, Ois. Am. Sept., i, 1807, 85. 
Lanivireo flavifrons, LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ix, 1868, 96. 
Above, rich olive-green, crown the same or even brighter, rump insensibly shading 
into bluish-ash; below, bright yellow, belly and crissum abruptly white, sides anter- 
