306 BIRDS—LANIIDA. 
nest. The eggs are usually five, white, with purple and reddish-brown 
dots. They measure .78 by .60. 
FAMILY LANIIDA. THE SHRIKES. 
Primariesten. Tarsi distinctly scutellate. Nostrils overhung (not eon ealed) by bristly 
feathers. Rictal bristles present, strong. Bill powerful, compressed, strongly notched, 
toothed and hooked. Wings and fail moderate. Large. Colors black, white, and gray. 
Sub-fami/y Lantna. Typical Shrikes. 
Bill very powerful, much compressed, with a very prominent tooth behind the noteh. 
Wings considerably rounded. Tail rather long and graduated. Sides of tarsi in part 
scutellate. Lateral toes about equal. “ 
GENUS LANIUS (Linnzeus.) Coues. 
Base of bill, including nostrils, covered by bristly feathers directed forwards. Tip of 
under mandible bent upward in a hook. Rictus with long bristles. Tail longer than 
wings, much rounded, the feathers broad. Claws sharp and much curved. Body re- 
bust. 
LANIUS BOREALIS Vieillot. 
Great Northern Shrike; Butcher bird. 
Lanius septentrionalis, KIRTLAND, Ohio Geolog. Surv., 1838, 163, 181.—Reap, Fam. Vis- 
itor, iii, 1853, 351; Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi, 1853, 35. 
Collyrio borealis, BAIRD, P. R. R. Rep., ix, 1858, 325—WkeEaToN, Ohio Agric. Rep. for 
1860, 364, 374; Reprint, 1361, 6, 16. 
Colluvio borealis, WHEATON, Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, 565; Reprint, 
1875, 5.—_LaNnepon, Cat. Birds of Cin, 1877, 7; Revised List, Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. 
Hist., i, 1879, 174; Reprint, 8.—MARSHALL, Journ. of Science (newspaper, Toledo, 
O:), new series, ii, 1879, No. 6 (nesting). 
Northern Butcher Bird, KIRTLAND, Ohio Farmer, ix, 1860, 91. 
Lanius borealis, VIEILLOT, Ois. Am Sept , i, 1807, 90.—Covuss, Birds Col. Val., i, 1878, 558. 
Lanius septentrionalis, BONAPARTE, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, 1826, 72, 438. 
Collyrio borealis, BAIRD, Birds N. Am., 1858, 324. 
‘Collurio borealis, BAIRD, Rey. Am. Birds, 1866, 410. 
Clear bluish-ash, blanching on the rump and scapulars; below white, always vermic- 
ulated with fine wavy blackish lines; a black bar along side of the head, not meeting 
its fellow across iorehead, interrupted by a white crescent on under eyelid, and bordered 
above by hoary white that also occupies the extreme forehead ; wings and tail black, 
the former with a large spot near base of the primaries, and the tips of most of the 
quills white, the latter with nearly all the feathers broadly tipped with white, and with 
concealed white bars; bill and feet black. Length, 9-10; wing, 43; tail rather more. 
The young are similar, but none of the colors are so fine or so intense; the entire plum- 
age has a brownish suffusion, and the bill is flesh-colored at base. 
Habitat, North America, northerly ; south in winter to about 35°. Bermudas. | 
