O24 BIRDS——FRINGILLID A. 
than in the interior, the contrary of which appears to be the case with 
the next species. They breed from latitude 62° northward. | 
The nest is placed on the ground; it is built of grass, with a lining of 
feathers. The eggs are five, dull white, sprinkled with yellowish-rufous, 
and measure .95 by .64. 
PLEOTROPHANES LAPPONICUS (L.) Selby. 
lapland Longspur. 
Plectrophanes lapponicus, WHEATON, Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1260, 366; Reprint, 1861, 8; 
Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, 566; Reprint, 1875, 6.—Lanepon, Cat. 
Birds of Cin., 1877, 8; Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 1878, 114; Reprint, 5; Revised 
List, Journ. Cia. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 1879, 175; Reprint, 9. 
Fringilla lapponica, LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 1, 1766, 317. 
Plectrophanes lapponica, SELBY, Linn. Trans., x], 156. 
Bill moderate, unruffed, but with alittle tuft of feathers at the base of the rictus; hind 
claw straightish, with its digit longer than the middle toe and claw. Adult male; 
whole head and throat jet black, bordered with buffy or whitish, which forms a postocular 
line, separating the black of the crown from that of the sides of the head; a Droad 
chestnut cervical collar; upper parts in general blackish, streaked with buffy or whitish 
that edges all the feathers; below, whitish, the breast and sides black-streaked; wings 
dusky, the greater coverts and inner secondaries edged with dull bay ; tail dusky, with 
an oblique white area on the outer feathers; bill yellowish, tipped. with black; legs and 
feet black. Winter males show less black on the head, and the cervical chestnut duller ; 
the female and young have no continuous black on the head, and the crown is streaked 
like the back, and there are traces of the cervica!] collar. Length, 6-64; wing, 34-34; 
tail, 24-24. | 
Habitat, Arctic regions of both Hemispheres ; in America south in winter to Pennsyl- 
vania, Kentucky, Kansas, and Colorado. 
Common and tolerably regular winter visitor in the vicinity of Colum- 
bus from December 1 to March 20. Rare and irregular in the vicinity of 
Cincinnati. 
The Lapland Longspur usually appears in this vicinity during the 
first protracted cold weather. The first to appear are single birds, in 
company with Shore Larks. Afterwards they may be seen in compact 
flocks of from ten to thirty, frequenting old brick-yards, and fields where 
cattle are fed, in company with Shore Larks, with which they associate 
on the ground, but fly by themselves in close flocks. Frequently when 
first flushed they utter a rapid rattling note, somewhat like that of the 
Kingfisher, but less loud and harsh. Their food consists of the seeds of 
plants, which they are very industrious in collecting. 
The Lapland Longspur breeds in the Arctic Regions. The nest is 
placed on the ground, built of mosses, grass, and a few feathers. The 
