346 - BIRDS—FRINGILLIDA. 
GONIAPHEA LUDOVICIANA (L.) Bowditch. | 
Iose-breasted Grosbeak. 
Fringilla ludoviciana, AUDUBON, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 166.—KirTLAND, Ohio Geolog. Surv., 
1838, 164, 184; Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, xl, 1841, 21. 
Coccoborus ludovicianus, AUDUBON, B. Am., iii, 1841, 210. 
Coccothraustes ludovicianus, NUTTALL, Man., i, 1840, 623.—READ, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. 
Sci., vi, 1853, 395. 
Guiraca ludoviciana, WHEATON, Field Notes, i, 186!, 129; Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1860, 1861, 
366, 376; Reprint, 8, 18. 
Goniaphea ludoviciana, WHEATON, Food of Birds, ete., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, 1875, 
566; Reprint, 6.—LANGDON, Cat. Birds of Cin.,; 1877, 9. 
Hedymeles ludovicianus, BAIRD, BREWER and Ripaway, N. A. Birds, ii, 1674, 72.—LANG- 
DON, Revised List, Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 1879, 176; Reprint, 10. 
Loxia ludoviciana, LINN AUS, Syst. Nat., i, 1768, 306. 
Fringilla ludoviciana, BONAPARTE, Am. Orn., ii, 1828, 79. 
Guiraca ludoviciana, SWAINSON, Philes. Mag, i, 1827, 438. - 
Coccothraustes (Guiraca) ludovicianus, SWAINSON and RICHARDSON, Fn. Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 
7s 
Goniaphea ludoviciana, Bownbircu, ‘‘ Excurs. in Madeira, 1825.” 
Hedymelis ludovicianus, CABANIS, Mus. Hein, i, 1851, 153. 
Adult male with head and neck all round and most of the upper parts black, the rump, 
«upper tail-coverts, and under parts white, the breast and under wing-coverts exquisite 
carmine or rose-red; wings and tail black, variegated with white; bill pale; feet dark. 
Female: above streaked with blackish and olive- or flaxen-brown, with median white 
coronal and superciliary line; below, white, more or less tinged with fulvous and streaked 
with dusky; under wing-coverts satfron-yellow; upper coverts and inner quills with a 
white spot at end; bill brown. Young males at first resemble the female. Length, 
7%-83 ; wing, about 4; tail, about 34. 
Habitat, Eastern Province of North America, north to Labrador and the Saskatche- 
wan; south through Mexico and Central America to Ecuador. Cuba. | 
Common summer resident in Northern Ohio, chiefly migrant in South- 
~» ern and Middle Ohio, where but few remain and breed. 
The Rose-breasted Grosbeak, one of the most handsome, showy, and 
musical of North American birds, arrives early in May and returns 
southward in September. It frequents both high and low woodlands 
and wooded swamps, and sometimes, though rarely, makes its appearance 
in the gardens of the city. Those which remain choose for their sum- 
mer home thickets on the wooded borders of streams, especially in the 
vicinity of sycamore trees. While on their migrations, the males and 
females are very seldom seen together. Dr. Kirtland states that they 
frequent the cranberry marshes of Northern Ohio, and that it surpasses 
the Mocking-bird in the animation of its song. Mr. Read says that they 
nest in large numbers on the borders of streams and cranberry marshes. 
