348 BIRDS—FRINGILLID A. 
Cyanospiza cyanea, WHEATON, Ohio Agric. Rep for 18€0, 366, 376; Reprint, 1861, 8, 18; 
Food of Birds, ete., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, 566; Reprint, 1575, 6.—LANGDON, 
Cat. Birds of Cin., 1877, 9; Revised List, Journ. Cin. Soc. Nas. Hist., i, 1879, 176; 
Reprint, 10.—JoNES and SHULZE, Illus. Nests and Eggs of Ohio Birds, part 2, 1879, 
plate 4. 
Lanagra cyanea, LANNEUS, Syst. Nat., 1766, 315. 
Fringilla cyanea, WiLson, Am. Orn., i, 1810, 100. 
Cyanospiza cyanea, BAIRD, Birds N. Am., 1858, 505. 
Adult male: indigo blue, intense and constant on the head, glancing greenish, with 
different lights on other parts; wings and tail blackish, glossed with greenish-blue; 
feathers around base of bill black; bill dark above, rather paler below, with a curious 
black stripe along the gonys. Female: above plain warm brown; below, whitey-brown, 
obsoletely streaky on the breast and sides; wing-coverts and inner quills pale-edged, 
but not whitish; upper mandible blackish, lower pale, with the black stripe just men- 
tioned. The young male is like the female, but soon shows blue traces, and afterwards 
is blue, with white variegation below. Length, 54; wing, 22; tail, 2d. 
TTabitat, Eastern Province of the United States; north to Canada and Maine; west 
to Kansas and Indian Territory; south to Texas, Mexico, and Central America. 
Abundant summer resident from the first week in May to the latter 
part of October. Breeds. Found almost everywhere, but especially in 
woodland, thickets, and rank vegetation along streams; in cities fre- 
quently during the spring migration. 
The male seems proud of his bright plumage, and loses no opportunity 
to render himself conspicuous, while the female is as decidedly modest 
and retiring. Their call or alarm note is a sharp chip, but the male is a 
vigorous and frequent, though not particularly gifted, songster. 
The nest is built in low bushes, of leaves and grass. The eggs are 
four or five, white, with a bluish tinge, unspotted; or, rarely, thinly 
dotted with reddish-brown. They measure .75 by .58. 
GENUS CARDINALIS. Bonaparte. 
Conspicuously crested. Bill very large, lower jaw wider and about as deep as the 
upper. Tarsi longer than middle toe. Outer toe rather longer than inner, and longer 
than hind toe. Tail longer than the wings, both rounded. 
CARDINALIS VIRGINIANUS (L.) Bp. 
Cardinal Redbird. 
Fringilia cardinalis, AUDUBON, Orn. Biog, ii, 1834, 366.—K1iRTLAND, Ohio Geclog. Surv., 
1638, 164, 184. 
Pitylus cardinalis, AUDUBON, B. Am., iii, 1841, 199. 
Cardinalis virginianus, Reap, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi, 1853, 395.—WHEATON, Ohio } 
Agric. Rep. for 1860, 366; Reprint, 1861, 8; Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 
1874, 566; Reprint, 1875, 6.—LANGDON, Cat. Birds of Cin., 1877, 9; Revised List, 
Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 1879, 178; Reprint, 10. 
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