AMERICAN WIDGEON. 525 
CHAULELASMUS STREPERUS (L.) Gray. 
Gadwall; Gray Duck. 
Anas strepera, KIRTLAND, Ohio Geolog. Sarv., 1838, 166, 186. 
Chaulelasmus streperus, WHEATON, Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1860, 370, 378; Reprint, 1861, 12, 
20; Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, 574; Reprint, 1875, 14.—LaNG- 
DON, Cat. Birds of Cin., 1877, 17; Revised List, Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 1879, 
189; Reprint, 23. 
Gadwall, KIRTLAND, Fam. Visitor, i, 1850, 72. 
Anas strepera, LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., i, 1766, 200. 
Chaulelasmus streperus, GRAY, 1838. 
Male with most of the plumage barred or half-ringed with black and white or whitish ; 
middle coverts chestnut, greater coverts black, speculum white ; female known by these 
wing marks. Length, 19-22; wing, 10-11. 
Habitat, North America generally. Europe. Asia. Africa. Generally distributed 
in this country. 
Not very common spring and fall migrant, in part summer resident. 
The Gadwall is one of the least common of all the ducks which may 
be looked for throughout the State during their migrations. I have 
never met with it in summer. Mr. Dury informs me-that it breeds at 
the reservoir in Mercer county. 
The eggs are creamy-buff and measure about 2.00 by 1.50. 
Genus MARECA. Stephens. 
Bill shorter than head or foot, equal to tarsus or inner toe. Tail not more than half 
the wing. 
Margca amEgicaNa (Gm.) Steph. 
American Widgeon; Baldpate. 
Anas americana, KIRTLAND, Prelim. Rep. Ohio Geolog. Surv., 1838, 67; Ohio Geolog. 
Surv., 1838, 165. 
Mareca americana, WHEATON, Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1860, 370, ; Reprint, 1861, 12; Food 
of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, 574; Reprint, 1875, 14.—LANGDON, Cat. 
Birds of Cin., 1877, 15; Revised List, Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 1879, 185; 
Reprint, 19. 
Anas americana, GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 659. 
Mareca americana, STEPHENS, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., xii, 1824, 185. 
Bill and feet grayish-blue, top of head white or nearly so, plain or speckled, its sides 
and the neck, more or less speckled; a bread green patch on sides of head; fore breast 
light-brownish ; belly pure white; crissum abruptly black, middle and greater coverts 
white, the latter black-tipped; speculum green, black bordered; length, 20-22; wing, 
11; tail, 5; tarsus, 2; bill, 14-14: female known by the wing markings, 
Habitat, North America. South to Guatemala. Breeds in various parts of the United 
States. Cuba. Accidental in Europe. 
Abundant spring and fall migrant, usually in considerable flocks in 
