POCHARD. ' » S38 
Fuligula collaris, WHEATON, Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, 574; Reprint, 
1875, 14.—LANGDON, Cat. Birds of Cin., 1877, 17; Revised List, Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. 
Hist., i, 1879, 185; Reprint, 20. 
Anas collaris, DONOVAN, Br. Birds, vi. 
Fuligula rufitorques, BONAPARTE, Synu., 1828, 393, 
Fuligula collaris, BONAPARTE, List Eur. Birds, 1842. 
Fulix collaris, BAIRD, Birds N. Am., 1858, 792. 
Similar to the foregoing, but an orange-brown ring round the neck; speculum gray ; 
back nearly uniform blackish ; bill black, pale at base and near tip; female with head 
and neck brown, and no collar, but loral space and chin whitish, as is aring round eye; 
bill plain dusky. In size between the foregoing. 
Habitat, North America, breeding far north, wintering in the United States and beyond. 
South to Cuba. Jamaica. *Accidental in Europe. 
Abundant spring and fall migrant, but less regular in great numbers 
than the preceding. Frequents the same localities and has the same 
habits. 
Sub-genus Aythya. Bill narrower, longer than inner toe; the nostrils nearer middle. 
FULIGULA FERINA (L.) Sw. 
var. AMERICANA (Hyton) Coues. 
Ied=-head: Pochard, 
Fuligula ferina, KIRTLAND, Prelim. Rep. Ohio Geolog. Surv., 1838, 67 ; Ohio Geolog. Surv., 
1338, 166, 187.—AUDUBON, Orn. Biog., iv., 1838, 197; B. Am., vi, 1843, 311. : 
Aythya americana, WHEATON, Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1860, 370; Reprint, 1861, 12. 
Fuligula ferina, var. americana, WHEATON, Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, 
574; Reprint, 1875, 14.—LANGDON, Cat. Birds of Cin., 1877, 17; Revised List, Journ. 
Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 1879, 186; Reprint, 20; Summer Birds, ib., iii, 1880, 228. 
Pochard, KIRTLAND, Fam. Visitor, i, 1850, 72. 
Fuligula ferina, BONAPARTE, Syn., i828, 392, 
Fuligula americana, EXTON, Monog. Anat., 1838. 
Aythya americana, BONAPARTE, Comp. Rend., 1858, 
Fuligula ferina, var. americana, COUES, Key, 1872, 289. 
Bill dull blue with a black belt at end, broad and depressed, shorter than head (2 
or less) the nostrils within its basal half; color of head rich, pure chestnut, with bronzy 
or red reflections, in the female, plain brown ; body anteriorly, rump and tail coverts 
black, in the female dark-brown, back, scapulars and sides plumbeous-white, finely 
waved with unbreken black lines, less distinct in the female; speculum, bluish-ash, 
Lenguh; about 20; wing, 9-10; tarsus, 13-14. 
Habitat, North America, but more particularly Eastern North aunghilee, Breeds in the 
Fur countries. Bahamas. 
Common spring and fall migrant on the lake and reservoirs ; less com- 
mon on the rivers and ponds, where usually seen singly or in pairs in 
company with Ring-necks and Black-heads or Widgeons. Frequently 
eonfounded with the following species. 
