HOODED MERGANSER. 541 
MERGUS SERRATOR Linnseus. 
HRted-breasted Merganser. 
Mergus serrator, KIRTLAND, Ohio Geolog. Surv., 183¢, 166, 187.— WHEATON, Ohio Agric. 
Rep. for 1860, 370, Reprint, 1861, 120; Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 
1874, 574; Reprint, 1875, 14.—LANGDON, Cat. Birds of Cin., 1877, 17; Revised 
List, Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 1879, 186; Reprint, 18; Summer Birds, ib., iii, 
1880, 229.—DURY and FREEMAN, ib, iii, 1880, 104; Reprint, 5. 
Mergus serrator, LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., i, 1766, 208. 
Nostrils sub-basal ; frontal feathers not reaching beyond those on sides of bill; a long, 
shin, pointed crest in both sexes. Smaller than the last; wing, 8-9; general coloration, 
and sexual difference the same, but the male with the jugulum rich reddish-brown, 
black-streaked, the sides conspicuously finely waved with black, a white, black-bordered 
mark in front of the wing, and the wing crossed by two black bars. 
‘Habitat, Northern Hemisphere. 
Not common. Spring and fall migrant and winter resident; much the 
rarest of the three species with us, as appears to be the case in other 
places in the interior, and it appears to be more common in fall and 
winter than in spring. I have never seen more than half a dozen adult 
males. 
Sub-genus Lophodytes. Bill shorter than head. Head with an erect crest. Tarsus 
one-half the middle toe. 
Mereus cucuLiatus. Linneeus. 
Hiooded Merganser. 
Mergus cucullatus, KIRTLAND, Ohio Geolog. Surv., 1838, 166, 187.—WdHEATON, Food of 
- Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1674, 574; Reprint, 1875; 14—Lanepon, Cat. Birds 
of Cin., 1877, 17; Revised List, Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 1879, 186; Reprint, 
0. 
Lophodytes cucullatus, WHEATON, Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1860, 370; Reprint, 1861, 12. 
Mergus cucullatus, LINNAUS, Syst. Nat., i, 1766, 238. 
Lophodytes cucullatus, REICHENBACK, Syst. Av., 1852, ix. 
Nostrils sub-basal; frontal feathers reaching beyond those on sides of bill; a compact 
erect, semicircular, lateral!y-compressed crest in the male, smaller and iess rounded 
in the female; male, black, including two crescents in front of wing, and bar across 
speculum; under parts, centre of crest, speculum and stripes on tertials, white; sides 
ehestnut, black-barred ; length, 1-19; wing, 5; female smaller; head and neck brown ; 
ehin whitish; back and sides dark-brown, the feathers with paler edges; white on the 
wing less, bill reddish at base below. 
_ Habitat, North America Cuba. Europe. 
Very common spring and fall migrant, probably anot common summer 
resident. The Hooded Merganser is the most abundant species of the 
genus with us, and is about equally common in spring and fall. It is 
asually found singly or in pairs, sometimes in small flocks, in rivers 
