542 BIRDS—PELECANIDA. 
and ponds. It is an expert diver, and often resorts to diving rather than 
flight to escape danger. This species has in common with the Goos- 
ander the habit of hiding under the exposed roots of trees on the banks 
of streams. From the fact that it may frequently be discovered in such 
places, sometimes at quite a distance from water, I incline to think 
they are ordinarily rather nocturnal in their habits, and ae con- 
ceal themselves in the middle of the day. 
Audubon speaks of their breeding on the Ohio and the lakes, and Mr. 
Brewster notes their breeding in Florida. 
ORDER STEGANOPODES. TOTIPALMATE BIRDS. 
FAMILY PELECANIDA®. THE PELICANS. 
Bill several times longer than the head, slender but strong, depressed, perfectly 
straight, with smal! distinct hooked nail at end. Nostrils very small. Gular sac enor- 
mous. Mandibular rami meeting only at tip. Wing extremely long, with upward of 
forty remiges. ‘Tail short, rounded, of twenty or more feathers. Legs beneath centre 
of equilibrium, extremely short and stout. 
GENUS PELECANUS. Linneeus. 
With the characters of the family. 
PELECANUS TRACHYRHYNCHUS Lath. 
White Pelican. 
Pelecanus onocrotalus, KIRTLAND, Ohio Geolog. Surv., 1838, 166, 187. 
Pelecanus erythrorhynchus, WHEATON, Ohio Agric Rep., for 1860, 371; Reprint, 1861, 13, 21. 
Pelecanus trachyrhynchus, WHEATON, Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, 574 ; 
Reprint, 1875, 14—LaNGpon, Cat. Birds of Cin., 1877, 17; Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., 
i, 1878, 117; Reprint, 8; Revised List, Journ. Cin. Ban Nat. Hist., i, 1879, 186 ; Re 
print, 20; Summer Birds, ib., iii, 15¢0, 229. 
Pelecanus erythrorhynchus, GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i, 1788, 571. 
Pelecanus trachyrhynchus, LATHAM, Ind. Orn., ii, 1790, 884. 
Pelecanus onocrotalus, BONAPARTH, Syn., 1828, 400, 
White ; occiput and breast yellow ; primaries, their coverts, bastard quills and many 
secondaries black; bill, sac, iores and feet yellow. Length, about 4 feet; expanse, 
7-9; wing, 2; bill, 1 or more; tail, 4; normally 24-feathered. 
Habitat, North America, up to latitude 61° at least. Rare or casual in the Middle 
States and New England. Abundant in the interior, especially west of the Mississippi. 
Texas and Florida. South to Central America. 
Not rare spring and fall migrant, occurring most frequently in the fall. 
Dr. Kirtland mentions the Pelican as an occasional visitor. Several 
years ago the skin of a specimen in full breeding plumage was in the pos- 
session of Mr. Jos. Sullivant, of this city; this was taken in this State, 
