546 BIRDS——LARID.ZA. 
webs black. Not quite adult :—As before, bub breast with dark spots, sides of the body 
with dark bars, blackish of lower belly interrupted; feet black. Younger :—Whole un- 
der parts, with upper wing and tail-coverts variously marked with white and dark; feet 
blotched with yellow. Young :—Whole plumage transversely barred with dark-brown 
and rufous; feet mostly yellow. Dusky stage (coming next after the barred plumage jast 
given ?): fuliginous, unicolor; blackish-brown all over, quite black on the head, rather 
sooty-brown on the belly ; sides of the neck slightly gilded. 
Habitat, seas and sea-coast of Hurope, Asia, and America. Interior of North America. 
Hixtremely rare or accidental visitor in winter on Lake Erie; now 
first named as a bird of this State. Mr. H. EK. Chubb, of Cleveland writes 
me, February 7, 1881, as follows: 
“Two were seen at our breakwater last fall, one of which I have. My friend, who 
shot it, brought it in for a hawk, saying that it was chasing the sparrows in a field when 
he killed it. Both this and its mate had previously been making it lively for the small 
Gulls and Terns, as the books say they should, but I never heard of one which attempted 
to change its dies in this manner.” 
Mr. Nelson records two specimens as having been identified on Lake 
Michigan near Chicago. 
Subfamily LARIna”. Gulls. 
Covering of bill continuous, horny throughout; bill more or less strongly epignathous, 
compressed, with more or less protuberant gonys; nostrils linear-oblong, median or sub- 
basal, pervious. Tail even or nearly so, rarely forked or cuneate, without projecting 
middle feathers. 
GENUS LARUS. Linnens. 
With the general characters of the sub-family. 
Sub-genus Larus. Large or medium size, rebust ; bill stont, more or less strougly 
hooked and protuberant at the symphysis; uuder parts never rosy-tinted, nor head with 
dark hood; tail of aduli entirely white. Hind toe well developsd, bearing 2 perfect 
claw. 
Larus LEuUCcOPTERUS Faber. 
White-winged Gull. 
Larus leucopterus, WHEATON, Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1860, 370, 379; EReprint, 1861, 12, 20; 
Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, 575; Reprint, 1875, 15 —KipGWaAy, 
Ann. Lyceum, N. Y., x, 1874, 393.—Cours, Birds, N. W., 1874, 622. 
Larus leucopterus, FaBeR, Prod. Isl. Orn., 1822, 91. 
Primaries entirely white, or pales possible pearly-blue, fading insensibly into white. 
at some distance from the end, their shafts straw-color; mantle palest pearly-blue ; bill 
yellow, with vermillion spot on lower mandible; feet flesh colored or pale yellowish. 
In winter, head and neck slightly touched with dusky. Young :—Impure white with or 
without traces of pearly on the mantle; head, neck and upper parts moitied with pale: 
brownish, sometimes quite dusky on the back, the under paris a nearly uniform but very 
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