COMMON TERN. 553 
Sterna anglica, WHEATON, Food of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, 573; Reprint, 
1875, 15.—LANGDON, Cat. Birds of Cin. 1877, 18; Revised List, Journ. Cin. Soe. 
Nat. Hist., i, 1879, 189; Reprint, 23. 
Sterna anglica, MONTAGUE, Orn. Dict. Suppl., 1813. 
Sterna aranea, WILSON, Am. Orn., viii, 1814, 143. 
Bill and feet black; mantle pearly grayish-blue, this color extending on the rump 
and tail; primaries with the white stripe restricted to their base, their shafts white. 
Length, 13-15; extent, about 34; wing, 10-12; tail, 4, forked only 2 or less, the lateral 
feathers little narrowed ; tarsi, 1-14; bill, 14. 
Habitat, nearly cosmopolitan. In North America, chiefly Kastern United States; not 
detected on the Pacific side. Patagonia. 
Rare visitor in the vicinity of Cleveland, where taken by Mr. Winslow. 
Given as an exceedingly rare summer visitor in the vicinity of Chicago 
by Mr. Nelson. 
Sub-genus Sterna. Bill of ordinary Sternine character ; occiput not crested ; feet not 
black. Medium and small. 
STERNA FLUVIATILIS Naumann. 
Common Vern; Sea-=swallow. 
Sterna hirundo, NUTYALL, Man., ii, 1834, 271.—KiRTLAND, Ohio Geolog. Surv., 1838, 166, 
185.—AUDUBON, Orn. Biog., iv, 1838, 75; Birds Am., vii, 1844, 98.—WHEATON, Food 
of Birds, etc., Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1874, 1875, 575; Reprint, 15.—LANGDoN, Cat Biads 
of Cin., 1877, 18 ; Revised List, Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 1879, 189; Reprint, 23 5 
Summer Birds, ib., iii, 1880, 229._DuRY and FREEMAN, ib., iii, 1880, 104; Reprint, 
D. 
Sterna wilsonii, TREMBLY, Field Notes, i, 1861, 129.—Wuraton, Ohio Agric. Rep. for 1860, 
1861,-371; Reprint, 13. 
? Great Tern, AUDUBON, Orn. Biog., ili, 1835, 98; B. Am., vii, 1844, 152. 
Sterna hirundo, LINNZUS, F'n. Suec., 158. 
Sterna fluviatilis, NAUMAUNN, Isis, 1820, 
Sterna wilsont, BONAPARTE, List, 1838, 61. 
Bill red, blackening on the terminal third, the very point usually light; feet coral- 
red. Mantle pearly grayish-blue ; primary shafts white except at the end; below white, 
waslied with pale pearly piumbeous, blanching on throat and lower belly. Tail mostly 
white, the outer web of the outer feather darker than inner webecf the same. Length of 
male, 143 (13-16); extent, 31 (29-32); wing, 104 (°2-112); tail, 6 (5-7); tarsus, $ (3-4); 
bili, 14-14; whole foot, averaging 12; female rather less; averaging toward 
these minima; young birds may show a little smaller, in length of tail particularly, and 
so of total length; length, 12 or more; wing, 9 or more; tail, 4 or more; bill, 14 or 
more. In winter this species does not appear to lose the black-cap, contrary to a nearly 
universalrule. Young :—Bill mostly dusky, but much of the under mandible yellowish; 
feet simply yellowish ; cap more or less defective ; back and wings patched and barred 
with gray and light brown, the bluish showing imperfectly if if all, but this color shading 
much of the tail; usually a blackish bar along the lesser coverts, and several tail 
feathers dusky on the outer web; below, pure white, or with very little plumbeous shade. 
